中文摘要：

目的：综述Tau蛋白在老年痴呆发病中的重要作用，探讨针对Tau蛋白开发治疗神经退行性疾病药物的前景。资料来源：应用计算机检索Medlline 1997-01／2005—05与Tau蛋白和神经系统疾病相关的文献，检索词“Tau,neurodegenemtion,Alzheimer’s Disease”，并限定文献语种为English。资料选择：对检索到的300余篇文献进行筛选，选择以Tau蛋白和老年痴呆为主要研究内容的文献47篇，筛除明显无关文献或相关性不强的文献，对剩余文献开始查找全文，进一步明确其相关性，无论研究对象为动物还是患者全部纳人，其中研究内容相似的，以近3年且发表在较权威杂志者优先。资料提炼：检索到的47篇文献，排除重复与类似研究35篇。选入12篇，有关Tau蛋白结构与分布等的研究原著5篇，有关Tau蛋白生物学功能以及其在神经退行性疾病中的变化相关研究原著7篇。资料综合：①由微管结合蛋白Tau形成的聚集体是许多神经退行性疾病的主要病理特征之一。②后来人们研究发现单纯的Tau基因的突变就能够导致一种被称作因第17对染色体异常导致的额颞叶型痴呆症伴随帕金森病的疾病，因此认为Tau蛋白在体内的紊乱是各类神经退行性疾病中的神经细胞死亡的主要原因之一。③随着人们的深入研究发现Tau蛋白除了引起微管的解聚导致神经细胞的死亡以外，由Tau蛋白聚集形成的PHF也可以引起神经细胞的死亡。④在体外试验中逆转Tau蛋白的异常磷酸化以及阻断螺旋丝的形成有可能为老年痴呆症的治疗提供新的理论依据和途径。在脑脊液中检测老年痴呆症特异的异常磷酸化的Tau蛋白和老年痴呆症特异的Tau蛋白单克隆抗体。可能为老年痴呆症发病的预测提供一个有效的手段。结论：Tau蛋白是神经细胞中重要的一种细胞骨架相关蛋白，许多神经退行性疾病的病理特征都包含由过?

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE： To sum up the key role of Tau protein in the attack of Alzheimer disease, and investigate the prospect of Tau protein in the treatment of neurodegeneration. DATA SOURCES： An online search of Medline database was undertaken by using the key word of ＂Tau, neurodegeneration, Alzheimer disease＂ to identify the relevant articles published in English from January 1997 to May 2005. STUDY SELECTION： Totally 300 articles were retrieved and screened, and 47 about Tau protein and Alzbeimer disease were selected, and then those with obvious indifferent contents or less correlation were excluded, and the full-texts of the rest articles were searched to further identify the correlation, and those published in more authorized journals within recent 3 years were in superiority. DATA EXTRACTION： Forty-seven related articles were collected, 35 repetitive or similar researches were excluded, and 12 were included, including 5 original works about the structure and distribution of Tau protein, 7 original worksabout the biological functions of Tau protein and its changes in neurodegeneration, DATA SYNTHESIS： ①Pathological aggregation of the microtubuleassociated protein Tau is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. ② Later studies found that simple Tan gene mutation could lead to frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, so it is believed that the in vivo disturbance of Tau protein is one of the main reasons for various neurodegenerative diseases. ③ With the further study, it is found that Tau protein can result in neurodegeneration caused by aggregation of microtubule, the Tau protein aggregation caused PHF also can lead to neurodegeneration. ④ Hyperphosphorylation of microtubuleassociated proteins such as Tau and neumfilament may underlie the cytoskeletal abnormalities and neuronal death seen in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzbeimer disease. CONCLUSION： Tau protein is an important cytoskeletal related protein in nerve cells, hyperphosphorylatio