中文摘要：

目的：分析β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶的结构、表达及分布，探讨其在神经元分化及轴突再生和突触可塑性过程中的作用。资料来源：应用计算机检索Medline数据库有关β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶及其神经损伤修复、神经元再生等的文章，检索词“beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase,nerve”，限定文章语言种类为英语，同时应用计算机检索中国期刊网数据库以及维普科技期刊数据库相关文章，检索词“β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶，神经系统，神经元”，限定文章语言种类为汉语。文章发表时间不限。资料选择：对所获得文献进行筛选，选取符合要求的有关文献，查找下载全文。纳入标准：④有关β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶家族结构、分布等的研究原著；②有关β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶的生物学功能研究原著，主要为其在神经元再生、分化等作用。资料提炼：检索到相关文献42篇，排除重复或类似研究，选入18篇。有关β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶家族结构、分布等的研究原著5篇；有关β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶的生物学功能研究原著13篇，其中有关β-l，4-半乳糖基转移酶在神经分化、轴突再生、可塑性形成中的作用9篇，β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶在精卵结合中的作用2篇，与肿瘤转移相关2篇。资料综合：日前已克隆出7种具有β-1，4-半乳糖基转移活性的酶，它们构成β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶家族。近年来对此酶家族各成员的研究表明，其结构、催化功能、表达分布均有一定的差异，这些差异也决定了其生物学功能的不同，目前对β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶1的研究较为深入。研究发现β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶1具有广泛的生物学功能，其在神经突触生长、神经元移等过程中有着非常重要的意义，提示它可能对于神经系统损伤后的康复有重要影响。此外，β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶1在精卵结合?

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE： To analyze the structure, expression and distribution of β-1, 4-galactosyhransferase, and discuss their function during the process of neuronal differentiation, axis-cylinder regeneration and the plasticity of synapse. DATA SOURCES： Using the key words “beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, nerve”, we searched the Medline database for the articles on β-1,4- galactosyhransferase and the injury of nerve plerosis, neuron regeneration etc., and limited the language to English. Meanwhile, the relevant articles were searched in China Journal Full-text Database and VIP Database with the key words “beta-l.4-galactosyhransferase, nervous system, neuron”, and limited the language to Chinese. The publishing time of the articles was not limited. STUDY SELECTION： All the selected articles were screened firstly. The related articles accorded with the requirement were gained and to look through and download the full text. The included articles were those： ① Original studies on the structure, distribution etc. of β-1,4-galactosyl- transferase kindred; ② Original papers on the biology functions of β-1,4- galactosyhransferase, and we focused on regeneration and differentiation etc. of neural cells. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 42 related articles were collected. The articles on repetitive or similar research were excluded, and 18 were included. Among them, 5 articles were about the original works of structure, distribution etc. of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase, 13 articles were about the original works of biology functions of β-1,4-galaetosyltransferase, including 9 articles on the effects of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase on neural differentiation, axis-cylinder regeneration and the plastieit formation, 2 articles on the effects of β-1,4- galaetosyltransferase on the conjugation of sperm and ovum, and 2 on the tumor transfer. DATA SYNTHESIS： At present, 7 kinds of β-1,4-galactosyltransferases had been cloned, which composed of the β-1,4-galaetosyltransferase kindred. In recent years, the research on