中文摘要：

改革开放以来，民族自治区的经济、社会都得到了前所未有的快速发展，但是民族自治区的发展水平与东部沿海发达地区相比仍存在一定的差距。这种背景下，如何提高民族自治区人民的生活水平，缩小地区间的收入差距，就成为我国目前民生问题研究中亟待解决的重要课题。在参考同类研究的基础上，运用购买力平价重新计算了1990--2010年我国31个省、市、自治区的人均收入，得到反映居民真实生活水平的综合可支配收入及表示区域差距的变异系数。数据表明：我国各地区长期存在收入差距较大的态势，一些民族自治区的收入水平远低于东部地区甚至全国的平均收入水平。对此提出了提高民族自治区居民的收入、改善实际生活水平、缩小与全国和东部地区收入差距的调控对策。

英文摘要：

In recent years, ethnic autonomous regions have undergone unprecedented rapid development in the economic and social field, but the gap between ethnic autonomous regions and the eastern coastal areas is growing. This increased gap may cause political and social instability. Against this background, how to improve the living standards of ethnic autonomous regions and narrow the income gap between regions is becoming a major issue in the livelihood of the present study. In reference to the articles of similar studies, recalculated China＇ s 31 prov- inces, municipalities and autonomous regions＇ per capita income from 1990 to 2010 using purchasing power parity, and obtained integrated disposable income of consolidated reflecting the real standard of living of the residents and the coefficient of variation expressing the regional disparities. Data show that the income level of ethnic autonomous regions is far lower than the eastern part of the country＇ s average income level, and the gap between the existing situation is widening. The paper proposed the countermeasures to improve the income of ethnic autonomous regions, improve the living standards of the practical and narrow the income gap between ethnic autonomous regions and the eastern regions of China.