中文摘要：

本文利用生物信息学软件分析了鲤（Cyprinus carpio）基因组中同源框基因Hoxa3a与多种鱼类及其它生物的同源性,构建了分子进化树。结果表明：鲤与斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的序列同源性最高为95%,与大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）等四种鱼类的同源性次之为84%,与米氏叶吻银鲛（Callorhinchus milii）和鳐（Leucoraja erinacea）的同源性最低为74.5%,与三种鸟类的同源性为75%左右。这结果也说明,Hox同源框基因序列在进化上高度保守。在序列比较的同时发现了2个鲤的SNP位点,T101C和A213G。上述研究结果,对于保护生物多样性（尤其是遗传多样性）的研究,揭示生物进化历程及机理具有十分重要的意义。

英文摘要：

The sequence homology and molecular evolution of Hoxa3a gene were analyzed in common carp and other fishes and organisms by some bioinformatics softs.The results showed that the maximal sequence homology（up to 95%） was observed in common carp（Cyprinus carpio） and zebrafish（Danio rerio）,followed by Atlantic salmon（Salmo salar）,Japanese pufferfish（Takifugu rubripes）,Japanese medaka（Oryzias latipes） and Cichlid fish（Astatotilapia burtoni）（about 84%）,and the minimal（74.5%） in other fishes such as lttle skate（Leucoraja erinacea） and Australian ghost shark（Callorhinchus milii）.The sequence homology of common carp with three non-fish organisms was found to be 75%.This result also showed that Hox gene sequences were highly conserved evolutionarily.In the sequence comparison at the same time,two common carp SNP sites 101 site（T/C） and 213 site（C/T） were found.The result has great significance for the conservation of biological diversity（particularly genetic diversity） study and reveals the progress and mechanism of biological evolution.