中文摘要：

惯用语是比喻性语言的一种，具有特殊的组织形式和结构，对其理解需要认知能力、语言分析能力、语用能力等的相互协调和整合。语义分析能力和语境推断能力影响儿童对比喻性语言的理解，它们的认知基础是心理理论和执行功能水平。特殊儿童往往无法有效地提取惯用语的比喻意义，不同类型的特殊儿童对惯用语理解困难的原因不同。多数研究证实，无法对语言材料进行合理有效的分析，无法对语境信息进行整合，不能抑制无关信息是特殊儿童惯用语理解失败的原因。

英文摘要：

Idioms,one of figurative speeches,are special in semantic structure.The acquisition of idiom comprehension is based on a number of abilities,such as cognitive,linguistic,and pragmatic competence.Thus,comprehending figurative language usually causes particular difficulties for young children and atypical children.The reason comes from the lack of abilities in semantic analysis and inference form context,which are rooted from theory of mind and executive control function.The rare researches show that the failure in processing the linguistic context in which the idiom is embedded is the main reason for children can't assess the idioms'meaning.