中文摘要：

【目的】研究中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana）性成熟处女蜂王在婚飞过程中sRNAs表达变化。【方法】以中华蜜蜂性成熟处女蜂王为试验材料，通过控制部分蜂王在一定区域飞行，并利用高通量测序的方法检测并分析中华蜜蜂性成熟处女蜂王飞行和未飞行之间的sRNAs表达差异。【结果】飞行蜂王和未飞行蜂王均含有丰富的sRNAs，主要分布在22nt和27—29nt，但各类sRNA在2种状态的蜂王中分布比例不同；2个文库共有总序列数占2个样品总序列数的92．79％，而且飞行蜂王中的sRNAs种类比未飞行蜂王多；与已知miRNA比对分析，发现飞行蜂王和未飞行蜂王有25个极显著差异表达miRNA，其中只有ame-miR-750在飞行蜂王中上调，其它24个极显著差异表达miRNA在飞行蜂王中下调；有19个差异表达miRNh所对应的11个靶基因在飞行蜂王和未飞行蜂王之间存在表达差异。【结论】中华蜜蜂性成熟处女蜂王在婚飞过程中，体内大量sRNAs表达发生了变化，可能为性成熟处女蜂王正常交配起着重要的生理调节作用。

英文摘要：

[Objective] The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of flight behaviour on sRNAs expression in matured virgin queens （Apis cerana cerana）. [Method] The sexual matured virgin queens ofA. cerana cerana were used as flying group that allow to fly in a certain area and the other group was not. The sRNAs expression differences between the two groups were analyzed by using a high-throughput sequencing method. [ Result ] Both of the flying matured virgin queens and non-flying counterparts had a complicated sRNAs population, and that the length of sRNAs varied, 22 nt and 27-29 nt being the predominant length, while the frequence percent of the same RNA was different in the two samples. Combining deep sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, the percent of the common sequences in total sRNAs was 92.79%, but the number of unique sRNAs in the flying queens was more than that in non-flying queens. Matching to known miRNA alignment, a total of 25 known miRNAs were significantly different between them, with 1 up-regulated and 24 down-regulated in the flying matured virgin queens while there were 11 target genes of 19 known miRNA which were expressed differentially between them.[ Conclusion ]There are a large number of sRNAs changes during the flight process of matured virgin queens which may play an important role in adjusting physiology for mating successfully of virgin queens.