中文摘要：

2013年4月对巢湖流域8个水系147个样点的大型底栖动物进行调查,分析其群落结构及与环境因子的关系.共采集到大型底栖动物213种,隶属于3门7纲22目76科177属.8个水系大型底栖动物物种数差异较大,在杭埠河发现172种,而在十五里河仅发现10种.大型底栖动物密度组成呈现出显著的空间差异.南淝河和十五里河的寡毛纲相对密度均超过96%,派河的寡毛纲和摇蚊幼虫的相对密度分别为47.8%和41.1%.裕溪河、白石天河、柘皋河和杭埠河的腹足纲相对密度最大.杭埠河的水生昆虫相对密度达30.6%,是水生昆虫相对密度最大的水系.相似性分析结果表明,8个水系特征种差异明显,霍甫水丝蚓（Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri）是十五里河和派河的最主要优势种,而铜锈环棱螺（Bellamya aeruginosa）是兆河、裕溪河、杭埠河、白石天河和柘皋河的最主要优势种,铜锈环棱螺和霍甫水丝蚓是南淝河贡献率较大的两种优势种.生物多样性结果表明,Shannon-Wiener、Simpson及Margalef指数在8个水系间具有显著差异,Pielou指数在8个水系间差异不明显.典范对应分析结果表明,影响大型底栖动物群落结构的主要因素为水体营养状态和底质异质性.高营养盐浓度导致南淝河、派河和十五里河的耐污种密度高、生物多样性低,而相对较高的底质异质性维持了杭埠河大型底栖动物的高多样性和敏感型物种的生存.

英文摘要：

We investigated benthic macroinvertebrate communities at 147 sites in eight river systems of the Chaohu Basin in April 2013. Community structure and environmental determinants were examined by canonical correspondence analysis. A total of 213 macreinvertebrate taxa from 177 genera, 76 families, 22 orders, 7 classes, 3 phyla were recorded. The benthic macroinvertebrate community structure showed significant spatial difference among the eight river systems. Nanfei River and Shiwuli River were dominated by Oligochaeta, accounting for more than 96% of the total abundance. Oligochaeta and Chironomidae dominated the communities in Pal River, accounting for 47.8% and 41.1% of the total abundance, respectively. Yuxi River, Baishitian River, Zhegao River and Hangbu River were mainly dominated by Gastropoda. SIMPER analysis showed that Limnodrilus hoffineisteri was the main dominant species in Shiwuli River and Pal River, and Bellamya aeruginosa was the main dominant species in Zhao River, Yuxi River, Hangbu River, Baishitian River and Zhegao River. L. hoffmeisteri and B. aeruginosa dominated the communities in Nanfei River. The Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and Margalef indices showed significant differences among the eight river systems. Low diversity and abundant pollution tolerant species of benthic communities in Nanfei River, Pai River and Shiwuli River were structured by high nutrient loads, while high diversity and sensitive species richness in Hangbu River.