中文摘要：

于2013年调水调沙前（未开始）、中、后（结束）分别对黄河口海域18个监测站进行了3个航次的大型底栖动物调查,对调水调沙期间大型底栖动物与环境因子的关系进行了研究.结果表明：3次调查共发现大型底栖动物118种,生物量在调水调沙前、中、后分别为（4.31±1.43）、（5.57±3.85）和（4.04±1.38）g/m^2,栖息密度分别为（241±59）、（173±44）和（199±40）ind/m^2,并且3次调查期间的生物量和栖息密度均无显著差异（P〉0.05）;调水调沙期间优势种更替不明显;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数等级在调水调沙前、后均评价为＂好＂,调水调沙期间为＂中等＂.冗余分析表明,除少数机会种和污染指示种外,多数大型底栖动物对环境因子的生态需求为深水、高p H、高盐度和高ρ（DO）（DO为溶解氧）.调水调沙影响范围为调查扇面的东北及河口海域,出现软体动物死亡、多毛类机会种等数量大幅增加的现象.BOPA（底栖动物多毛类机会种和端足目动物）指数和环境因子统计分析显示,调水调沙期间大部分站位环境质量良好,河口污染有加重趋势.

英文摘要：

Species constitutions,components of dominant species and biodiversity of macrobenthos in the Yellow River Estuary at 18 sampling locations were investigated,to compare the macrobenthos alterations during the water and sediment discharge regulation（WSDR） project period.A total of ten water environmental variables were analyzed by factor analysis,and the redundancy of the main water environmental variables and parameters of macrobenthos community were also investigated.The results showed that a total of 118 species were identified,and there were no differences of species constitutions during the WSDR project period.The biomass of each investigation was（4.31 ± 1.43）,（5.57 ± 3.85） and（4.04 ± 1.38） g/m^2.The abundance was（241 ± 59）,（173 ± 44） and（199 ±40） ind/m^2,respectively.The dominant species was Moerella jedoensis,which was not different among the earlier,middle and later stage of the WSDR project in 2013.Diversity index analysis showed that water quality was good before and after the WSDR in the Yellow River.The BOPA（benthic opportunistic polychaetes amphipods） index,appropriate for surveying the temporal changes of macrobenthic systems at high frequencies,can be used to differentiate estuarine and coastal communities into five statuses of ecological quality.The trend revealed by the BOPA index and statistical analysis of environmental variables suggested that the Yellow River Estuary was under ecologically healthy condition during the WSDR project period,except the mouth region.Analysis of the correlations among 41 species of macrobenthos and environmental factors during the WSDR project period showed that environmental factors such as water depth,p H,salinity and dissolved oxygen played a significant role in affecting the macrobenthic community structure.The WSDR project affected the northeast and estuary region,resulting in the death of mollusks and greatly increasing opportunistic polychaetes.Therefore,all the results indicated that there were certain negative effects on