中文摘要：

为了测定重金属、pH值对外生菌根真菌（ECMF）生长的影响以及探讨ECMF耐重金属的机制,该文利用纯培养方法测定了pH值、不同浓度重金属锌、铜和铅胁迫对粘盖牛肝菌、褐环粘盖牛肝菌和褐黄牛肝菌3种ECMF生长的影响,以及重金属处理和ECMF培养前后培养基pH值的变化。结果表明,在pH值4.1-7.1的范围内3种ECMF均可生长,其中粘盖牛肝菌生长的最佳pH值为6.7-7.1,褐环粘盖牛肝菌和褐黄牛肝菌为5.3-6.7。不同重金属对3种ECMF的生长影响不同,锌浓度≥100 mg/L时就显著抑制褐环粘盖牛肝菌和褐黄牛肝菌的生长,而锌浓度≥600 mg/L时才显著抑制粘盖牛肝菌的生长,低浓度（100-300 mg/L）的锌对粘盖牛肝菌的生长影响最小,粘盖牛肝菌对锌有较强的耐性。10-1 000 mg/L的铜对3种ECMF的生长均有抑制作用（10 mg/L铜对褐环粘盖牛肝菌除外）,且随着铜浓度的增加,抑制率逐渐增大,当铜浓度为1000 mg/L时,对褐环粘盖牛肝菌和褐黄牛肝菌的抑制率均为100%,而对粘盖牛肝菌仅为20.42%,说明粘盖牛肝菌对铜的耐性最强。低浓度的铅（褐环粘盖牛肝菌0-600 mg/L,褐黄牛肝菌和粘盖牛肝菌0-200 mg/L）对3种ECMF的生长具有促进作用,但对褐环粘盖牛肝菌的促进效果最明显,对褐黄牛肝菌的促进效果最差,当铅浓度较高时（褐环粘盖牛肝菌1000 mg/L,褐黄牛肝菌和粘盖牛肝菌600mg/L）开始抑制3种ECMF生长。3种重金属胁迫下3种ECMF培养前后pH值变化总体趋势相同：不同浓度重金属处理间及ECMF培养前后pH值均存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）。随着重金属浓度的增加,pH值逐渐降低。ECMF培养后pH值降低,且重金属处理的培养基pH值比对照降低更多。

英文摘要：

The growth of three ectomycorrhizal fungi （ ECMF）, SuiUus bovinus, S. luteus and Boletus luridus at different pH levels and different concentrations of heavy metals （zinc, copper and lead） were examined by means of pure culture to examine the effects of pH and heavy metals on the growth of ECMF and heavy metal- resistance mechanism of ECMF. The examination showed that the three ECMF could grow at the pH values within 4.1-7.1 ; the optimal pH values for S. bovinus to grow was 6.7-7.1 and the optimal pH values for S. luteus and B. luridus to grow was 5.3-6.7. The different heavy metals showed different influences on the three ECMF; zinc significantly inhibited the growth of S. luteus and B. luridus at 100 mg/L or more, and the growth of S. bovinus at 600 mg/L or more, and exerted the least influences on the growth of S. bovinus at low concentrations （100-300 mg/L）, so that S. bovinus presented zinc resistibility at the low concentrations. Copper inhibited all the three ECMF at 10-1 000 mg/L（except that copper didn＇t inhibit the growth of S. luteus at 10 mg/L） and as its concentration increased, its inhibition rates to them gradually increased; when its concentration reached 1 000 mg/L, copper showed the inhibition rate of 100% to S.luteus and B. luridus and the inhibition rate of only 20.42 % to S. bovinus, which indicated that S. bovines was the most resistant to copper. Lead had the effects of promoting the growth of the three ECMF at low concentrations （S. luteus at 0-600 mg/L, B. luridus and S. bovines at 0-200 mg/L）, which was the strongest on S. luteus and the weakest on B. luridus ; lead began to inhibit the growth of the three ECMF at high concentrations （ S. luteus at 1 000 mg/L and B. luridus and S. bovines at 600 mg/L）. Before and after their culture, with the three heavy metals stress, the three ECMF presented same pH variation tendencies that their pH values had extremely significant difference among different concentrations of the heavy metals （ P 〈 0.01）. As the concen