世界儒学不是现成既有的儒学,而是经过变革的儒学。这涉及对儒学的理解。儒学最核心的观念结构是“仁→义→礼→乐”。“仁”是仁爱精神,这显然是一种普遍的理念,无须变革。“义”即正义原则。儒学有两条正义原则:一条是正当性原则,要求社会规范建构及其制度安排出于超越差等之爱、追求一体之仁的动机;另一条是适宜性原则,要求社会规范及其制度适应某共同体当下的共同生活方式。这两条原则显然同样是普遍的理念,无须变革。“礼”指社会规范及其制度。一方面,任何社会都需要规范与制度,所以孔子要求人们“克己复礼”;但另一方面,任何具体的社会规范和社会制度都没有永恒的价值,所以孔子指出“礼有损益”。儒学需要变革的,首先是礼。“乐”是指在礼的基础上的社会和谐形式。一方面,任何社会共同体都应当追求和谐;但另一方面,由于乐建立在礼的基础上,不同生活方式下的社会和谐形式也是不同的。因此,乐或社会和谐的形式也是需要变革的。以上这样一个理论系统,应该就是世界儒学的基本内容。这个理论系统作为一个整体,显然具有普遍的意义,因此,它对于世界文化新秩序的建构应是一种非常重要的思想资源。
Word Confucianism is not the existing Confucianism, but rather the one which would have been reformed and transformed. This requires an updated understanding of Confucianism. The core conceptual structure of Confucianism includes ren (benevolence), yi 0ustice), li (rites), and yue (music). Ren stands for a spirit of kindheartedness, charity, or love, which is evidently a universal idea that requires no transformation. Yi means the principle of justice. Confucianism champions two principles of social justice. One is righteousness, which features the construction of social norms and institutions dependent upon the motivation of transcending graded love by seeking the benevolence of equal treatment for all; the other one is appropriateness, which requires social norms and institutions adapted to a community's current common lifestyles. The two principles are apparently universal ideas that do not need reform. Li means social norms and institutions, On one hand, every society needs norms and institutions, so Confucius asked people to kefifuli (restrain themselves and return to the rites). On the other hand, none of specific norms or institutions has eternal value in society, so Confucius noted that "Li you sunyi" [rites could be decreased and increased]. Thus, Confucian rites should be first reformed and transformed in support of world Confucianism. Yue is a form of social harmony on the basis of rites. Every community shall seek social harmony which varies in its form across lifestyles. Therefore, yue, or the forms of social harmony, also needs reform. The above-mentioned theoretical system is the essential of word Confucianism. This entire system, in view of its universal significance, can serve as an important resource of thought in constructing a new word cultural order.