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三峡水库富营养化问题与对策研究

期刊名称：水生生物学报，30(1): 7-11。2006
时间：0
分类：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所、淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072
相关基金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目（KSCX2-SW-111）;国家自然科学基金重点项目（30330140）;国家重点基础研究发展规划（973）项目（2002CB412300）资助.刘国祥、叶麟、周广杰、汤宏波、胡建林、黎道丰、曹明、刘瑞秋、邵美玲、韩新芹、徐耀阳等同志参加野外工作,并提供相关数据资料,谨致谢忱.
相关项目：小水电群对河流生态系统的破坏及恢复机制的研究－以香溪河为例

关键词：三峡水库, 富营养化, 藻类水华, Three Gorges Reservoir, Eutrophication, Algal bloom

中文摘要：

三峡水库蓄水后，大部分库湾已出现富营养化态势，并暴发了数次以甲藻（拟多甲藻）和硅藻（小环藻）为主的水华现象，特别是在春季。以香溪河库湾为例，分析两周年的营养状态变化，总体上说，除冬季外，大多数月份为富营养，在春季则为重富营养。对三峡水库22条入库支流库湾的营养状态进行综合评价，结果表明，有5条（22．7％）支流库湾为中营养，17条（77．3％）支流库湾为富营养（重富营养化支流库湾有10条，占45．5％）；但三峡水库本身水质尚好，仍保持中营养状态。统计分析表明，入库支流流域的年均流量和流域面积与支流库湾叶绿素α存在显著负相关关系，说明支流库湾越小或年均流量越小，藻类叶绿素α浓度就越高，即越容易在春季形成水华。文中讨论了控制和减缓富营养化几项措施。

英文摘要：

On 1st June 2003, the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR） began its storage officially, and the water level reached at 135 m on 10 June （and at 139 m on 5 November） . Three are a lot of tributaries been flooded in the lower reaches, and many bays are therefore formed from that time in the reservoir. We monitored the changes of ecological environment of TGR, and found that most of bays was in eutrophic state and emerged several serious algal blooms predominated by dinoflagellate （ Peridiniopsis spp. ） and diatom （ Cyclotella sp. ）, especially in spring. In case of Xiangxi Bay, the largest one in Hubei part of TGR and the one most close to the clam, the monthly monitoring of 2 years shown that the trophic state in most month was eutrophic, except in winter. Farthermore, the trophic state in spring was hyper-eutrophic. On the other hand, to get a general information of eutrophication situation in TGR, we assessed the trophie state of 22 bays and TGR itself in spring, 2005. The results shown that 5 bays （22.7 % ） were in meso-trophic, and 17 bays （77.3 % ） were in eutrophic （ 10 bays in hyper-trophie, occupied 45.5 % ）. The water quality of TC, R itself, however, was still in good condition （ meso-trophie）, clue to its fast exchange rate of water. Statistic analyses shown that relationship between chlorophyll a and watershed characters （annual discharge and catchment area） of bays in TC, R was significant negative. It implied that, generally, the smaller of the bay （or its annual discharge）, the higher of chlorophyll a concentration, i.e. the easier of forming algal bloom in spring. Based on the monitoring and researching, we discussed and proposed several strategies to control or mitigate eutrophication phenomena in TGR, including pollution control, complete survey, mechanism study and eco-hydraulic regulation.

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