中文摘要：

运用跨语言即时启动和延时启动范式,要求被试完成生物属性的语义判断任务,考察语言理解转换中非目标语言影响目标语言语义理解的时间进程。实验1非目标语言为英文,目标语言为中文,结果表明,无论是即时启动还是延时启动,语义相关组与语义无关组都无显著差异。实验2非目标语言为中文,目标语言为英文,结果表明,即时启动条件下语义相关组的反应显著快于无关组,但延时条件下语义相关组与无关组无显著差异。综合两个实验结果表明,晚期熟练双语者在双语语言理解转换过程中语义的即时启动影响存在不对称性,语义相关的非目标语言中文对目标语言英文语义理解起促进作用;但是这种启动效应只持续短暂的状态,在延时条件下消失。

英文摘要：

We used cross-language instant semantic priming and long-term priming under semantic decision tasks （biological property judgment） to investigate the time course of the influence of non-target language on target language in language switching for fluent bilinguals. Chinese was designed to be the target language and English the non-target language in Experiment 1; English to be the target language and Chinese to be the non-target language in Experiment 2. Twenty-three Chinese/English bilinguals （21-25 years old） participated in Experiment 1 and twenty-four （21-25 years old） took part in Experiment 2. Semantic relatedness was controlled based on a rating procedure conducted with 20 Chinese/English bilinguals using a Likert scale （1 = unrelated, 5 = strongly related）. Semantically related pairs were significantly more related than semantically unrelated pairs （all ps .001）. All words were presented one by one at fixation for 1000 ms. Block order and response sides were counter-balanced to do away with the order effect. The participants were asked to finish biological property judgment in the experiment, which contains two parts： instant semantic priming and long-term priming. Our results： In Experiment 1, the time courses of the semantically related pairs and semantically unrelated pairs were not significantly different from each other either in instant semantic priming or in long-term priming. In Experiment 2, in the condition of instant semantic priming, the time course of the semantically related pairs was significantly shorter than that of the semantically unrelated pairs, while the difference in long-term priming was not significant. In conclusion, the two experiments’ results showed that instant priming occurred only when English acted as the target language and Chinese as the non-target language; cross-language long-term priming did not occur in Experiment 1 or Experiment 2. There was an asymmetry of semantic priming in late fluent bilinguals.