中文摘要：

目的评价以传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治策略的实施效果,探索不同自然与人文环境下各种核心防治技术的优化组合模式。方法以湖区4省、山区2省已开展传染源控制策略的36个血吸虫病流行村为试点进行前瞻性调查研究。比较不同组合传染源控制措施试点村人畜血吸虫感染率、感染性钉螺分布等指标的变化趋势。结果 2004-2008年,36个试点村共新建厕所13084座、沼气池2091座、封洲禁牧395478.8hm2、圈养牛5222头、淘汰牛1624头、淘汰羊745只、购农机1393台、以禽代畜70370羽、安全饮用水实现人数75020人。湖南、湖北、江西省和安徽省试点村钉螺感染率分别为1.33%、0.25%、0.53%和0.04%,云南省和四川省试点村未发现感染性钉螺。共对36239人进行了查病,查出粪检阳性者452人,推算人群平均感染率为1.08%,以云南省最低（0.12%）、湖北最高（2.41%）。共对3648头牛进行查病,查出阳性牛72头,平均感染率为1.97%,其中湖南、湖北、江西、云南省和四川省试点村牛感染率分别为2.84%、3.36%、3.34%、0.77%和0。湖北、江西、湖南省和安徽省试点村哨鼠平均感染率分别为38.33%、25.45%、20.00%和1.32%。结论以传染源控制为主的综合治理是防治血吸虫病有效和可持续发展的策略,但在实施过程中要因地制宜,并注重与常规措施的有机结合。

英文摘要：

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive strategy of schistosomiasis control with focus on infectious source in endemic areas of China and optimize the combination of interventions under different natural and social settings.Methods Thirty-six schistosomiasis endemic villages from lake and mountainous areas were selected to evaluate the comprehensive strategy which combined at least two following interventions besides the routine chemotherapy,namely replacing bovines by agricultural machines,isolating the meadow and prohibiting pasture,pen breeding livestock,building the sanitary lavatory or methane pit,and supplying safe water,etc.The intervention effect was evaluated by the changes of Schistosoma infection in humans,bovines and snails,etc.Results By the end of 2008,infected snails were not found in the pilot villages of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces.And the average infection rates of S.japonicum decreased to 1.08% in humans ranging from 0.12% of Yunnan province to 2.41% of Hubei Province,and 1.97% in bovines ranging from 0 of Sichuan Province to 3.36% of Hubei Province.Conclusions Comprehensive control strategy with focus on infectious source is an effective and sustainable development measure,but the combination model and priority of interventions should be differentiated between lake and mountainous endemic areas.