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中文摘要：
基于明渠非恒定流的运动方程和连续方程，采用Preissmann四点隐式差分格式，结合虚拟流量法，对有压管道充水过渡过程进行了数值仿真模拟，该充水数学模型能模拟管道从无水变为无压流，再过渡到有压流的整个水流运动过程，其中包括漫流和明满过渡流。将该模型应用于南水北调天津干线有压输水系统充水仿真计算了充水过程中出现的水力过渡现象，最不利的情况出现在已经充满后的波动阶段，结果可为具体工程的充水操作预测水锤、规避风险和加强防护提供科学的依据。
英文摘要：
A mathematical model for describing the water-filling process based on Preissmann implicit difference method and virtue discharge method is established. The whole process including the changing from initial empty state to free surface flow and the transition from free surface flow to pressurized flow can be analyzed. The model is applied to numerically calculate the water-filling process in the main line conduit of South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Tianjin. It is found that disadvantage phenomenon will occur to the pressure fluctuating period during the conduit is changing from free surface flow to pressurized flow.
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