中文摘要：

“环保”意识，不是现代人才有的专利；文献记载西周时期古人已有“环保”的理念与措施；宋代已初步形成传统的“环保”理论与措施体系。中国传统的“环保”意识与现代的“环保”观念虽然没有根本的不同，但也存在着明显的差异。宋代一些君主、朝臣与许多士人以及大量的普通百姓包括僧侣等多个不同的社会阶层都曾提出了具有积极意义的“环保”主张，有些言论客观上甚至包含有希望达到人与自然和谐的理念，并且采取了一些至今值得肯定的符合时代要求的有益措施。宋人“环保”言行的出现是与当时的环境相适应的。因地广人稀，宋代的气候、水文与生物环境在大部分地区仍停留在相对原始的阶段，与我国现有的生态环境要素完全不可同El而语。

英文摘要：

The consciousness of environment protection is not the modern people＇s patent since the people in the Western Zhou Dynasty had the concept and measure of environment protection and the tradtional system of environment protection theory and measure came into its early stage according to the historical records. There are no essential but explicit differences between traditional consciousness of environment and modern one. People from various stratums in the Song Dynasty proposed positive ideas on environment protection, and some of them even reflected the idea of the harmony between human being and nature objectively, and launched some measures in accordance with the time which are still worth acknowledging. However, the speech and behavior on environment protection in the Song Dynasty corresponded with the environment at that time and cannot be the same with China＇s present consciousness of environment protection.