中文摘要：

针对老龄飞机机群数日益增多而引起的如何合理使用老龄飞机的问题，提出了机群单机剩余寿命的新概念及其相应算法。提出了肾迫机小机群的概念，指出由于单机剩余寿命本身的分散性很小，因此应用这个概念是很有利的。结合所提紧迫机单机剩余寿命的紧迫程度，提出了相应的措施与方法。文中还提出对于老龄飞机必须加强健康监控。

英文摘要：

In our opinion, much of the very valuable service life of old-age aircraft has been and is being wasted due to conservative estimation of safe service life leading to the unduly early retirement of old-age aircraft. We aim to prolong safely service life of old age aircraft through proposing a new concept in estimating the safe service life of old-age aircraft. We start with the conservative estimate of safe service life, which is 60 000 h for a group of 30 aircraft of the same type. When their service lives reached 57 000 h to 58 000 h, we could quite reliably estimate the safe residual life of each aircraft. We found only 3 out of 30 aircraft had safe estimated residual lives in the range of 9 000～ 18 000 h. These 3 aircraft should be retired according to the conservative estimate or should continue to fly only under very favorable conditions. 7 of the 30 aircraft had safe estimated residual lives in the range of 22 000～51 000 h, As many as 20 out of 30 aircraft had estimated safe residual lives in the range of 63 000～320 000 h. Our new concept is essentially that safe residual life of each aircraft should be estimated when it is near the end of its conservatively estimated life.