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中文摘要：
利用干对流发生时大气层之间质量交换应满足守恒性原理,改进了p-σ区域气候模式中的干对流调整方案。该方案同时调整温度、比湿和风场。利用1979-1995年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料月平均场作为初始场和侧边界强迫,模拟1月和7月的气候特征,并用t检验和F检验方法检验敏感试验和控制试验模拟结果差异的显著性。结果表明,无论是1月还是7月,敏感试验与控制试验出现干对流调整的区域均一致,但敏感试验各区域发生干对流调整的次数均比控制试验多。7月各个物理量场的差异均比1月显著。两试验模拟7月比湿场和降水量场的均值差异不明显,而方差差异比较显著;温度场和风场的均值差异和方差差异均比较显著。敏感试验在20°N-35°N纬度带内对7月500 hPa风场的模拟有了比较明显的改进。在对7月总降水量场的模拟方面,敏感试验在新疆北部、内蒙古中部呼和浩特一带、吉林东部以及湖北和广东地区有比较好的模拟效果,基本消除了控制试验中的虚假大值区。
英文摘要：
Mass exchange between the layers in a numerical model should follow the mass conservation principle when dry convection happens in atmosphere. By use of this principle, the dry convection adjustment scheme in the p-σ regional climate model is improved. The improvement is mainly to adjust specific humidity and wind at the same time when temperature is adjusted. By use of the 1979 - 1995 NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly mean data, two simulations of the climate characteristics in January and July are conducted, one is to use the original adjustment scheme and the other the newly developed scheme in this paper. The modeled results are compared with each other. Furthermore, the F and t tests are utilized to examine the confidence levels of their differences between the new and the old methods. The results show that in both months, the adjusted areas are not evidently affected by the new scheme, but the times of adjustment increases in the new scheme. The F and t tests indicate that the differences between the two simulations are more obvious in July than in January. Moreover, the general mean climates of precipitation and specific humidity are not obviously different, but the differences of their variances are much more remarkable. As far as the temperature and the wind are concerned, the general mean climates and the differences of their variances are all very prominent. The sensitivity experiment with the new scheme shows that the simulation of wind field from 20°N to 35°N at 500 hPa in July is improved outstandingly; as far as the simulation of the precipitation field in July, the areas with false large-value precipitation in the north of Xinjiang, the vicinity of Hohhot, the east of Jilin, Hubei and Guangdong are eliminated.
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