中文摘要：

“无为而治”是儒家最重要思想之一,就其实质而言,就是德治。儒家的“无为而治”,主要是针对最高管理者提出来的。儒家认为,最高管理者除了“德修于己”、“任贤使能”外,不需要亲自去做具体的事。“德修于己”,就能感化被管理者,因为是感化,而非命令,故而可谓之“无为”。“任贤使能”就是用别人来管理,而不亲自管理,不亲自管理就是“无为”。儒家还强调“以人治人”,即根据人的特点有差别地管理,也就是顺性而为,这样,虽有所“为”,而对被管理者来说,却感觉不到管理者的“为”。

英文摘要：

＂Inaction＂ is one of the most important ideas of Confucianism, in its essence, means ruling by moral force. Confu- cian ＂inaction＂ is mainly for top management. In addition to virtue, the employer, top management isn＇ t required to do specific things. Manager＇ s virtue can imperceptibly influence his subordinates. ＂Inactivity＂ doesn＇t mean doing nothing, but means that top management does nothing by oneself, but does anything by men of superior capacity. Confucianism also stressed that ruling should consist with the general needs of human nature.