采用小型运载器能够降低卫星发射成本,针对小型运载器运载能力有限的情况,通过卫星与运载电子系统特点分析,提出可重构的卫星/运载复用电子系统设计方案。该方案采用基于总线的混合结构,并将可重构计算技术应用于中心计算机的设计,利用片上可编程系统(SOPC)、软硬件协同设计以及硬件描述语言(HDL)设计等技术完成系统功能。通过对现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的重构,星载计算机实现对运载器与卫星的控制与管理,并能够进行故障处理及在轨升级。构建地面实时仿真系统并进行仿真测试,得到重构时间在(500±40)ms范围内、控制周期可达10ms的仿真结果,验证了本文所提出方案的可行性与系统重构的有效性。通过硬件的分时复用,复用电子系统能够有效降低发射成本,并解决系统资源、多功能与高性能需求之间的矛盾。
In order to reduce the launching cost of small satellites, small launch vehicles are used. To enhance the carrying ability of small launch vehicles, this article presents a design project of reusable electronic systems for satellite/launch vehicles based on reconfigurable computing. This reusable electronic system is designed in a mixed structure of controlled area network (CAN) bus and other independent interfaces, and on-board computer (OBC) is reconfigurable based on field programmable gate array (FPGA). Applying the system on pro- grammable chip (SOPC) technique, the functions of OBC are achieved by the method of hardware/software codesign and hardware describing language (HDL) design. Through the fast dynamic reconfiguration of FPGA, the OBC could control the launch vehicle, and implement function switching, fault handling and upgrading when a small satellite is in orbit. A ground real-time simulation system is established. The experiments show that reconfiguration time is in the range of (500±40)ms, and the controlling cycle is as small as 10 ms. Through hardware reuse, the reconfigurable electronic system of a satellite and launch vehicle is able to improve effectively its carrying ability, reduce the launching cost, and address the issues of conflicts between system resources, multi-functions, and high-performance requirements.