中文摘要：

本研究考查生存加工优势效应的自然选择理论解释是否可行。实验1选取8岁、10岁、12岁、21岁和64岁年龄组个体为被试，考查了生存加工优势在各年龄组的表现。实验2通过比较繁衍情境（择偶、怀孕和抚育）与生存、自我联想情境的回忆成绩，考查了繁衍加工的记忆优势。结果发现：（1）不同年龄组个体均表现出生存加工优势效应，但生存优势效应量是否存在年龄差异还需进一步验证；（2）择偶和抚育情境表现出繁衍加工优势。这一结果支持了生存加工优势效应的自然选择理论。

英文摘要：

Words processed under a survival scenario have a remarkable advantage over those processed in other deep processing conditions （e.g. pleasantness rating, self-reference, moving scenario, and intentional learning）. This robust phenomenon is known assurvival-processing advantage effect. Nairne, Thompson and Pandeirada （2007） suggested that our memory systems were naturally adjusted to process and store fitness-relevant information which was beneficial to surviving and reproducing. However, this evolutionary-based explanation has little empirical support. The current study aimed to confirm this assumption directly. According to the assumption that the survival-processing advantage effect is due to the pressure brought by natural selection, we inferred that it should be equally found among individuals of different ages. Meanwhile, considering the fitness-relevance assumption, processing words in other fitness-relevant contexts using the same paradigm as survival processing should also yield better memory. Two experiments were conducted in the current study. In the first experiment, 300 participants were randomly chosen from five age groups （8, 10, 12, 21, and 64 years old）. The participants were then assigned to the primitive hunting scenario or the hunting contest scenario. Primitive hunting scenario described a dangerous surrounding which participants imagined to hunt for the survival of their tribe. By contrast, the hunting contest scenario did not involve life safety. In this scenario, participants were instructed to imagine taking a hunting contest. All the participants were also asked to assess to what extent each word was relevant to the activities in the imaginative scenario. The instructions for the free recall appeared unexpectedly after a two-minute distraction task. In the second experiment, 150 undergraduates were randomly recruited and assigned to one of the five rating tasks： survival, mate selection, pregnancy, raising a child, and self-reference. The survival scenario needed participant