中文摘要：

不同种类的电力网络损耗分摊方法对相同的具体问题往往难以求得相同的分析结果。究其原因，在于这些方法在对问题本质的认识存在分歧和不统一，处理问题时考虑的条件和因素各有侧重，导致方法本身存在不同程度的理论缺陷，使应用效果难以一致。基于对问题影响因素的分析和思考，提出损耗分摊问题的本质是电气分析、问题存在具有伴随网络状态的唯一解、检验分摊结果正确与否的标准是电力网络的电气原理和电气规律的观点。在这些观点的指导下，通过对支路损耗功率分摊3类特殊问题的思考与对策研究，提出支路损耗功率分摊一般性问题的解决对策和求解方法。对策与方法的理论核心是交流支路和节点的联合电气剖分，剖分结果完全满足电力网络的各种基本电气原理和电气规律。通过算例说明所提方法的电气正确性，为寻找损耗分摊问题的唯一解、进一步论证非线性与损耗分摊问题解的存在性之间的关系提供了分析手段。

英文摘要：

There exists many methods for power loss allocation of electric power network, but it usually is very hard to obtain identical allocating results for various methods even if to a same problem. It is because that cognitions of these methods exists divergences and disagreements in nature of problem, and because that each has its emphasis on considering conditions and factors when they solve problems. These reasons lead methods to exist theoretic shortcomings in different degrees, so the application effects are hard to coincide with each other for various methods. Based on in-depth analyses and ponderings of problem＇s influencing factors, this paper puts forward three viewpoints about the problem of power loss allocation. The first one is that the nature of the problem is of electrical analysis; the second one is that the problem should have one and only correct solution if state of electric power network is determined; the third one is that standards, used to check up if the allocating results are correct, should be electrical principium and electrical laws of electric power network. According to the three viewpoints therein before, this paper presents strategy and method to solve the universal problem of AC branch power loss allocation after three especial problems were analyzed and their solving strategies and methods were presented. The theory key of strategies and methods is united electrical dissection of ac branch and bus. Dissection results of AC branch and bus completely satisfy electrical principium and electrical laws of electric power network. Numerical examples show that the method of this paper is correct electrically and becomes a powerful tool for looking for the one and only solution of power loss allocation and for analyzing the relationship between the problem of power loss allocation and its non-linearity.