中文摘要：

研究创业者的思维方式是了解其认知图式、探索其创业行动规律的重要手段之一，起源于心理学的反事实思维研究为研究创业者的思维方式提供了一个全新的视角。自Baron（1998）把反事实思维概念引入创业研究迄今已有15个年头。在这15年里，基于反事实思维视角的创业研究虽然取得了一些进展，但仍呈现出发散发展的态势，总体而言缺乏系统性。本文在梳理现有相关文献的基础上，先介绍了反事实思维研究现状，然后以四个与创业有关的问题作为主线尽可能厘清现有研究的发展脉络，最后拓展性地讨论了未来创业研究可能遇到的反事实思维应用问题，并指出了若干未来研究的发展方向。

英文摘要：

The study of thinking modes of entrepreneurs is an important means of understanding cognitive schemata of entrepreneurs and exploring entrepreneurial action rules, and counterfaetual thinking research stemming from psychology provides a new perspective for the study of thinking modes of entrepreneurs. It has been 15 years since Baron introduced the concept of counterfaetual thinking into entrepreneurship research. And entrepreneurship research from a counterfaetual thinking perspective has some progress, but still experiences a trend towards divergent development generally speaking, it lacks systematicness. Based on a literature review, this paper introduces the status of counterfaetual thinking research and sorts out the development context of current research by taking four issues related to entrepreneurship as the main clue. Then it discusses the application of counterfactual thinking that possibly faces future entrepreneurship research as the expansion and points out the directions in future research.