中文摘要：

胶济和津浦铁路通车,济南即成为山东主要铁路枢纽,城市外部空间由此极大扩展,形成了广阔的商业腹地,并与全国主要港口建立了稳定联系。城市内部依托铁路开辟了商埠,城市商业中心转移到车站附近。城市人口中依靠工商业就业者占了重要比例,同时学生数量众多,外地到济南就学者占了大多数。社会组织和舆论机构增加了城市的凝聚力和活力,也改善了城市管理方式和社会结构。

英文摘要：

When Jiaoji railway and Tiantsin-Pukou railway had transport service, Ji＇nan become a major railway hub in Shandong, which formed its own vast hinterland of the business and established the stable contact with the major ports in China. The city of Ji＇nan opened up the commercial port and the business center of the city moved near to the station. A large part of its urban population were dependent on industrial and commercial employment. At the same time, the students who came from other place to study in Ji＇nan increased quickly. Social organizations and public institutions increased the cohesion and vitality of the city, which also improved the urban management mode and social structure.