中文摘要：

目的探讨胸膜炎患者胸水两种方法培养结核分枝杆菌的效果和耐药情况,为临床诊断和治疗提供依据。方法分别采用BacT/ALERT@3D系统和罗氏法进行结核分枝杆菌的培养及药物敏感性测定。结果 183例胸水标本采用两种方法检测,共38例培养阳性,总阳性率20.8%;3D法优于罗氏法（P〈0.05）,25株菌株药敏测定结果有3株出现耐药,耐药率为12%。结论 3D法在胸水培养方面优于罗氏法,但两种方法联合检测能提高效率。胸水结核菌培养和药敏实验可为临床诊断和指导用药提供重要依据。

英文摘要：

Objective To analyzed the results of culture and drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in hydrothorax sample from patients with pleurisy to offer reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Culture and drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected by using BacT/ALERT@3D System and Improved LJ culture.Results Among 183 cases of hydrothorax samples,38 cases were positive for the two methods,with total positive rate of 20.8%.3D system was better than Improved LJ culture（P〈0.05）.There were 3 drug resistant strains in 25 strains,with resistance rate of 12%,indicated by drug susceptibility test.Conclusion 3D system might be better than Improved LJ culture for culture of hydrothorax sample.However,combined usage of the two methods could improve efficiency.Cultivation and drug susceptibility test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in hydrothorax sample could offer basis for clinic diagnosis and medication guidance.