中文摘要：

为研究中华稻蝗种群遗传多样性和遗传结构,文章对我国7省市的7个中华稻蝗种群进行AFLP分析。选取7对引物扩增128个个体,共产生336条带,多态性条带292条,占86.90%。结果表明：中华稻蝗种群具有较高的遗传多样性水平,其中海南万宁种群的遗传多样性高于其他各种群。Mantel检验（r=0.27,P=0.89）表明中华稻蝗各种群遗传距离与地理距离间没有显著相关性。种群间具有明显的遗传分化现象。UPGMA（Unweighted pair group method average）聚类分析显示,7个中华稻蝗种群按地理距离分为3支：北方北京昌平、山西太原和山东济宁为一支;南方陕西汉中、湖南长沙和广西来宾为一支;海南万宁单独为一支。上述结果以及PCA（Principal component analysis）分析均表明由于地理隔离中华稻蝗种群显示出明显的南北分化和岛屿大陆种群遗传分化现象。

英文摘要：

In order to study the genetic diversity and genetic structure of populations, 7 populations of Oxya chinensis from 7 provinces （or cities） of China were analyzed using AFLP technique. A total of 336 reproducible bands were ampli-fied with 7 primer combinations from 128 individuals. Two hundred and ninety-two bands （86.90%） were polymorphic. High genetic diversity was found among O. chinensis populations and Wanning population had higher genetic diversity than other populations. Mantel test （r=0.27, P=0.89） suggested that there was no significant association between genetic distance and geographic distance. Remarkable genetic differentiation was found among populations. Unweighted pair group method average （UPGMA） tree showed that the 7 O. chinensis populations were divided into 3 groups： Changping of Beijing, Tai-yuan of Shanxi and Jining of Shandong populations in the north; Hanzhong of Shaanxi, Changsha of Hunan and Laibin of Guangxi populations in the south; and Wanning of Hainan population. Principal component analysis indicated significant genetic differentiation of the north and the south populations and island and continent populations existed in the 7 O. chinensis populations because of geographic isolation.