中文摘要：

黔东苗语中的niangb和diot是最为常用的空间词之一,二者能对译成汉语中的“在”。Niangb在苗语中做空间动词,后接NPL,表达静态物位关系,niangb NPL结构一般前置于动词,与动词构成连动结构;Diot在表达空间范畴时,已基本虚化成介词,diot NPL结构一般后置于动词,与动词构成动补结构。在语法化路径中,niangb仅在语义上虚化成了存现动词,而句法上并未虚化;diot则实现了句法语义上的共同虚化,从放置义动词虚化为介词和“持续义”助词。二者在非空间轴上的语义延伸差异,是其空间位置关系认知图景差异所致。

英文摘要：

Niangb and Diot are the most common space words in Qiandong Miao language. Both of them can be translated into ＂在＂, a Chinese character. Niangb is used as a space verb, followed by NPL, which expresses static position relationship. The structure of Niangb NPL is usually placed before verbs, forming serial verb structure with the verbs. Diot is grammaticalized as preposition when expressing space category. The structure of Diot NPL is usually placed after verbs, forming verb- complement structure with the verbs. In the course of grammar, Niangb is only grammaticalized as existential verbs in semantic, but not in syntax; while Diot realizes semantic and syntactic grammaticalization from position verbs to preposition and continuous auxiliary words, The differences in semantic extension on non - space - axis between Niangb and Diot are caused by different cognitive views in their space positions.