中文摘要：

治理稀土产业对环境所造成的破坏是当前我国面临的重要现实问题，环境监管政策的制定和实施是治理稀土环境污染和破坏的重要途径．文中首先简要概述了稀土产业对环境造成的污染情况，从市场和政府失灵以及外部性理论和运用市场机制理论两个视角回顾和分析国外环境监管的理论基础，在此基础上从直接监管、激励机制和自愿性环境管理3个方面简要回顾了环境监管政策的发展历史，并分析了我国目前的环境保护政策内容，在此基础上，最后从稀土环境监管体制、监管体系、监测系统、投融资机制和生态补偿政策试点等5个方面提出我国稀土产业环境监管策略．

英文摘要：

The environmental governance of rare earth industry is an important and practical problem in our country. Its policy-making and implementation are a vital way to control its pollution and destruction towards environment. The paper first gives a brief introduction to environmental pollution made by rare earth industry. The theory basis of foreign environmental regulation is reviewed and analyzed from the perspective of market and government failure, externality theory and market mechanism theory. On the basis of this, a brief review of the history of the foreign environmental regulatory is made in the aspects of direct supervision, incentive mechanism and voluntary environmental management. China＇s current environmental regulation policy is also discussed. Finally, environmental management policy in China＇s rare earth industry is proposed with aspects of environmental regulation system, supervision system, monitoring system, investment and financing mechanism and ecological compensation policy taken into consideration.