中文摘要：

对生长在广州海珠涌和黄埔涌中食蚊鱼（Gambusia affinis）目标器官组织结构变化进行观察,调查广州河涌污染现状及对食蚊鱼的毒性效应,利用鱼类作为指示生物评价城市河涌水污染的现状。选取宝岗大道、洪德、赤岗和苗艺路段4个采样点,并设置对照点。食蚊鱼采集分别于2012年12月（冬季）和2013年6月（夏季）进行,每个采样点的食蚊鱼总数在200尾以上。使用水质监测仪测定各采样点的水质参数,包括pH值、温度、电导性和溶解氧。对食蚊鱼的肝脏、性腺、鳃和肠等器官进行石蜡组织切片,H-E染色,荧光倒置相差显微镜下观察并拍照。结果表明,海珠涌和黄埔涌污染严重,属Ⅳ或Ⅴ类水质;仅苗艺路段冬季的溶解氧高于5 mg/L,其余采样点溶解氧为1-3 mg/L;食蚊鱼由于供氧不足,其生长发育受到严重影响,主要器官组织出现不同程度的形态结构变异,肝细胞界限模糊,毛细血管扩张充血,部分肝细胞空泡化,出现一定数量黄棕色色素细胞团;多数卵母细胞发育停滞在Ⅱ时相和Ⅲ时相阶段;鳃小片上皮细胞增生肿大、充血,出现球状或棒状的动脉瘤;相邻鳃小片出现融合,鳃丝软骨出现增生和扭曲肿大现象,精巢及肠道无明显变化。研究结果显示,广州河涌受污染十分严重;食蚊鱼肝脏、性腺和鳃组织对河涌水体污染的毒性反应十分敏感,可以作为监测及评价城市河涌水污染的生物标志物。

英文摘要：

Creeks flowing through Guangzhou City receive industrial and domestic wastewater,which then degrades water quality in the Pearl River. Pollution of sediments in the Pearl River has been reported,but little has been published on the evaluation of pollution in urban creeks based on indicator organisms. The morphology of organ tissues in mosquitofish（ Gambusia affinis） from Guangzhou,Haizhu and Huangpu Creeks were observed and compared with those of mosquitofish from an unpolluted urban lake. The objective was to assess pollution in Guangzhou creeks and its toxic effects on fish,and to assess the use of mosquitofish as a biological indicator of pollution in urban creeks. Mosquitofish were collected in December 2012（ winter） and June 2013（ summer） at five sampling sites： two sites at the Baogang Avenue and Hongde sections of Haizhu Creek; two sites at the Chigang and Miaoyi sections of Huangpu Creek and one site in the urban lake as the control. The total number of Mosquitofish collected at each sampling site was 200. Water quality parameters of each sampling site were determined using a water quality monitor and included p H,temperature,conductivity and dissolved oxygen（ DO）. Liver,gonad,gill and intestine tissues of the mosquitofish were obtained by the paraffin section method. The sections were observed and images were obtained with a fluorescence inverted phase contrast microscope after H-E staining. Results show that the water of Haizhu Creek and Huangpu Creek was seriously polluted,Grade IV or Grade V based on national water quality criteria. The DO at Miaoyi Section exceeded 5 mg / L only in the winter and the DO at other sampling sites in Haizhu and Huangpu Creeks was 1- 3 mg / L in both seasons. The growth and development of mosquitofish were severely affected by the lack of oxygen. The primary organs and tissues displayed various degrees of morphological abnormality： the boundary between the liver cells became indistinct; blood capillaries were expanded and congested; partial vacuolation