中文摘要：

目的研究中国青海藏族、汉族mtDNA控制区遗传多态性。方法收集69份青海藏族和青海汉族无关人群外周血样本，对其mtDNA控制区进行序列分析，计算多个多态性指标。结合其他民族mtDNA遗传资料，根据Nei法计算包括青海藏族和汉族群体在内的11个群体之间的Fst和Rst遗传距离．进行聚类分析，绘制系统发生树。结果在青海藏族和汉族群体mtDNA控制区中分别发现56和59个多态性位点。Rst遗传距离显示青海藏族人群与各人群之间遗传距离均较远（P〈0．05）；青海汉族人群与西安汉族、蒙古族、长沙汉族等人群之间距离较近（P〉0．05）。结论我国青海藏族和汉族人群mtDNA具有相对独特的遗传特征，其遗传多态性和个体识别力较高，可用于民族起源、迁徙、法医学个体识别等领域研究。

英文摘要：

Object To study sequence polymorphism of mtDNA control region group and Han population. Methods Venous blood samples from 69 unrelated in chinese Qinghai Tibetan Qinghai Tibetans and Han individuals were collected and their mtDNA control region sequences were analyzed. Polymorphism indicators were calculated. The genetic distances based on Fst and Rst among eleven groups from different districts include the Qinghai Tibetan and Han population were elucidated using Nei＇s method. Phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results There were 56 polymorphic loci and 59 loci found in the mtDNA control region of Tibetan group and Han population, respectively. It was indicated by the Rst distance that there was a far distance between Qinghai Tibetan and the other populations （P〈0.05）, and the distance was much closer between Qinghai Han and Xi＇an Han, Mongolian, Changsha Han populations（P〉0.05）. Conclusion There is unique genetic polymorphism of mtDNA control region both in Qinghai Tibetan and Han population. These findings may be useful in forensic identification, population genetic and migration studies.