中文摘要：

收集50份鄂伦春族无关人群外周血样本,用ABIPRISM377测序仪对其mtDNAHVRⅠ和HVRⅡ进行测序,计算多态性位点数、单倍型数目、单倍型频率、平均核苷酸差异数目等多态性指标;结合已发表的其他民族mtDNA遗传资料,根据Nei法计算鄂伦春族与各群体之间的遗传距离,进行聚类分析,绘制系统发生树。鄂伦春族群体mtDNA两个高变区与CRS序列比对,分别发现52和24个多态性位点,分别界定了38和27种单倍型,单倍型多态性分别为0.964±0.018和0.929±0.019;平均核苷酸差异分别为7.379和2.408;用HVRⅠ序列多态性数据计算Fst和dA两种遗传距离,相关系数r为0.993（P〈0.01）;基于HVRⅠ序列的系统树显示鄂伦春族与中国台湾、南方汉族和中国香港人群遗传距离较近,与北方汉族、蒙古族及其国外人群遗传距离相对较远。我国鄂伦春族人群mtDNA具有相对独特的遗传特征,其遗传多态性和个体识别力较高,可用于民族起源、迁徙、法医学个体识别等领域研究。

英文摘要：

Venous blood samples from 50 unrelated Oroqen individuals living in Inner Mongolia were collected and their mtDNA HVR Ⅰ and HVR Ⅱ sequences were detected by using ABI PRISM377 sequencers. The number of polymorphic loci, haplotype, haplotype frequence, average nucleotide variability and other polymorphic parameters were calculated. Based on Oroqen mtDNA sequence data obtained in our experiments and published data, genetic distance between Oroqen ethnic group and other populations were computered by Nei＇s measure. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by Neighbor Joining method. Comparing with Anderson sequence, 52 polymorphic loci in HVR Ⅰ and 24 loci in HVR Ⅱ were found in Oroqen mtDNA sequence, 38 and 27 haplotypes were defined herewith. Haplotype diversity and average nucleotide variability were 0.964±0.018 and 7.379 in HVR Ⅰ, 0.929±0.019 and 2.408 in HVR Ⅱ respectively. Fst and dA genetic distance between 12 populations were calculated based on HVR Ⅰ sequence, and their relative coefficients were 0.993（P〈0.01）. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on genetic distances and included Oroqen, Taiwan and South Han population in a clade, which indicated near genetic relation between them, and far relation with northern Han, Mongolian and other foreign populations. The genetic polymorphism of mtDNA HVR Ⅰ and HVR Ⅱ in Oroqen ethnic group has some specificities compared with that of other populations. These data provide a useful tool in forensic identification, population genetic study and other research fields.