中文摘要：

STR作为遗传多态性较高的标记，被广泛地运用于群体遗传学的研究。对于STR分型产生的基因型频率及等位基因频率数据，文章总结了各种参数指标的计算及分析方法。其中参数指标包括杂合度、多态信息量、连锁不平衡系数、近交系数、遗传距离以及固定指数等；分析方法包括主成分分析、系统发生树、分子方差分析、R矩阵、地理信息系统以及空间自相关分析。通过这些参数指标及分析方法的使用，可以既直观又科学地揭示群体遗传结构、群体间遗传分化以及人类起源与进化等群体遗传学中研究的关键问题。

英文摘要：

As high polymorphism markers, STR loci have been widely used in studying population genetics. This review summarizes various genetic diversity parameters and analysis methods regarding to genotype frequency and allele frequency, including heterozygosity, polymorphism information content （PIC）, linkage disequilibrium coefficients, inbreeding coefficients, genetic distance and fixation indices. The methods of statistical analysis included principal component analysis, phylogenetic trees, analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA）, R matrix, GIS and spatial autocorrelation. By means of vari- ous parameters and methods, graphically and scientifically, we can describe and interpret several key issues in the study of population genetics, such as population genetic structure, population differentiation and human evolution.