中文摘要：

目的：研究内蒙古鄂温克族9个STR位点的群体遗传结构及其与其他14个民族之间的群体遗传学关系。方法：选择9个S豫位点（D3S1358，vWA，FGA，TH01，TPOX，CSF1PO，D5S818，D13S317，D7S820），采用复合扩增及荧光标记基因扫描技术，检测90名鄂温克族无关个体血液样本。对所得基因频率进行主成分分析。结果：9个STR位点在90名鄂温克族群体检出64种等位基因，频率分布为0．0056～0．4722；检出158种基因型，频率分布为0．0111～0．3000。9个STR位点的基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律（P〉0．05）。主成分分析结果显示：满一通古斯语族的鄂温克族与蒙古语族、突厥语族距离较近，满一通古斯语族的鄂伦春族、突厥语族的裕固族和语系未定的朝鲜族明显离散。结论：获得内蒙古鄂温克族9个STR位点的群体遗传结构；阿尔泰语系相同语族的民族相对较为集中，分子遗传结构接近的民族其语言也相似。

英文摘要：

Objective To study the STR genetic structure of an Ewenki Ethnic minority Group of Inner Mongolia, and analyze the genetic relationship among Ewenki and other 14 groups. Methods Genetic distribution for 9 STR loci （ D3S1358, vIVA, FGA , THO1, TPOX , CSF1PO , D5S818, D13S317, and D7S820） were determined based on gene scan marked by fluorescence. Principle component analysis was performed using SPSS. Results Sixty-four alleles and 158 genotypes were observed in 90 unrelated Ewenki individuals. The corresponding gene frequency＇and genotype frequency was 0. 0056 to 0. 4722 and 0.0111 to 0.3, respectively. The expected and observed genotype frequency of the 9 STR loci were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （P 〉 0.05 ）. The principle component analysis showed that Ewenki clustered with groups of Monglian and Tujue language branch. Conclusion Nine of the STR genetic structure of an Ewenki Ethnic minority Group of Inner Mongolia were obtained. Those ethnic groups in subfamilies of Ahaic language family clustered as their geographical location and those with close genetic relationships use similar language.