中文摘要：

目的基于9个CODIS STR位点分型数据,探寻新疆地区7个主要少数民族的遗传分化及基因流动特征。方法计算杂合度、Nei遗传分化系数、Nei遗传距离以及Wright F统计量,使用确切概率法对民族分化水平进行统计检验;通过Mega构建系统发生树,Arlequin进行分子方差分析;应用R矩阵模型分析基因流动形式。结果7个少数民族平均杂合度均大于0.7,遗传分化系数小于2%,群体分化检验显示多数位点都有显著性差异;系统发生树和分子方差分析表明7个民族分为三支;R矩阵分析结果显示维吾尔、柯尔克孜以及乌兹别克族具有较高的基因流动水平,而回族基因流动形式呈现一定隔离性。结论新疆7个少数民族属于独立民族,但分化程度一般;其进化关系上较近,存在广泛的基因交流。

英文摘要：

Objective Genotype data of nine CODIS STR loci were gathered to examine the features of population differentiation and gene flow of seven Xinjiang minorities. Methods Heterozygosity, Nei＇s coefficient of genetic differentiation, Nei＇s genetic distance and Wright＇s F-statistics were calculated. Statistical tests using exact method were performed to measure the level of differentiation. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by Mega; AMOVA was processed by Arlequin. R-matrix model had been applied to describe the patterns of gene flow. Results It shows that average genetic heterogeneity for each population was above 0.7 with genetic differentiation coefficient below 2%. Statistical tests for population differentiation were significant for most of the loci. Phylogenetic analysis and AMOVA showed that all populations were divided into three main groups. The R-matrix analysis reflected that Uygur, Kirgiz and Ozbek had more amounts of gene flow than other populations, while the pattern of Hui was more isolated. Conclusion The seven minorities in Xinjiang are independent populations, while the level of differentiation is at average. The relationship in evolution is not far from each other, with wide gene flow.