中文摘要：

以准噶尔—伊犁生态群（新疆野杏）、中亚生态群（新疆栽培杏和李光杏）、欧洲生态群和华北生态群的45个普通杏品种或材料为试材,以梅杏、辽梅杏和辽杏为外组,利用荧光AFLP标记对普通杏4个生态群的群体遗传结构进行了研究,结果表明：7对EcoRⅠ/MseⅠ引物（其中MseⅠ引物为FAM荧光标记物）平均扩增多态带数为130.86,平均多态带百分比为60.58%。4个生态群的多态带百分比比较表明：准噶尔—伊犁新疆野杏生态群（P=43.59%）〉中亚南疆栽培杏生态群（P=41.27%）〉华北生态群（P=39.42%）〉欧洲生态群（P=39.42%）〉中亚李光杏生态群（P=37.57%）;普通杏在种级水平Neis基因多样度（H=0.143）和Shannon信息指数（I=0.226）显著或极显著高于群体水平。在群体水平上,准噶尔—伊犁新疆野杏生态群的Neis基因多样度和Shannon信息指数（H=0.131;I=0.202）高于中亚生态群（南疆栽培杏）（H=0.127;I=0.195）、欧洲生态群（H=0.124;I=0.189）和华北生态群（H=0.116;I=0.180）,但无显著性差异,显著高于中亚李光杏生态群（H=0.113;I=0.173）;普通杏4个生态群的遗传分化系数（GST=0.147）显示,普通杏的遗传变异主要存在于群体内,占总变异的85.3%;通过遗传分化系数计算得GST基因流Nm=2.901,说明普通杏4个生态群存在适度的基因交流,人为引种可能是产生基因交流的主要原因,而地理隔离可能是阻碍基因交流的主要因素。对普通杏4个生态群的群体遗传多样性和群体遗传结构的分析初步认为,普通杏起源于准噶尔—伊犁新疆野杏生态群,通过人为驯化,在新疆南部形成栽培杏中心,并形成中亚南疆栽培杏生态群,之后通过人为引种向东传播形成华北生态群,向西传播形成欧洲生态群。

英文摘要：

Population genetic structure was studied using fluorescent-AFLP markers on 45 apricot （Armeniaca Mill. ） accessions collected from the Dzhungar- Zailij group, Xinjiang cultivated apricot sub-group and Liguang apricot sub-group in the Central Asian group, the European group, and the Northern China group. A. mume, A. sibirica, and A. mandshurica were used as outgroup of fluorescent-AFLP markers. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic structure and genotypic diversity amongst the different eco-geographical populations. The results showed that the average number of polymorphic loci （A） was 130. 86, the percentage of polymorphic loci （P） was 60. 58% by 7 pairs of EcoR Ⅰ/Mse Ⅰ （Mse Ⅰ - a FAM fluorescent marked primer） primers in common apricot of four groups. Analysis for the average number of polymorphic loci （A） and the percentage of polymorphic loci （P） in four common apricot groups indicated that the Dzhungar - Zailij group （P = 43.59% ） 〉 the Xinjiang cultivated apricot sub-group in the Central Asian group （P = 41.27% ） 〉 the Northern China group （P = 39. 42% ） 〉 the European group （P = 39. 42% ） 〉 the Liguang apricot subgroup in the Central Asian group （P =37.57% ）. Nei＇s gene diversity （H=0. 143） and Shannon information index （I = 0. 226） at species level were higher than ones at group level with significant or highly significant differences. At group level, Nei＇s gene diversity and Shannon information index （H =0. 131; I =0. 202） in the Dzhungar- Zailij group were higher than that in the Xinjiang cultivated apricot sub-group in the Central Asian group （H=0. 127; I=0. 195）, or in the European group （H=0. 124; I=0. 189）, or in the Northern China group （H = 0. 116 ; I = 0. 180） with no significant differences, respectively, but were significant higher than that in the Lignang apricot sub-group in the Central Asian group （H=0. 113; I=0. 173 ）. Genetic differentiation coefficient （Gsr = 0. 147 ） for four apr