中文摘要：

以中国新疆维吾尔自治区南部塔里木盆地边缘库车、喀什和和田3个栽培杏群体的85个品种类型为试材，利用荧光标记AFLP对群体遗传结构进行了研究，结果表明：对64对EcoRⅠ／MseⅠ引物（其中MseⅠ引物为FAM荧光标记物）进行了筛选，其中8对荧光标记引物谱带清晰，多态性高；同一引物在不同群体以及同一群体不同引物扩增多态性均存在显著差异，种级水平多态带百分率P〉库车〉和田〉喀什3个群体水平；种级水平Nei基因多样度指数H和Shannon信息指数I〉库车〉和田〉喀什3个群体水平。种级水平大于种下群体，各群体以库车最高；杏遗传多样性主要存在于群体内，群体间的遗传分化系数GST为0．0882，即群体间的遗传变异占总变异的8．82％，群体间的基因流Nm为5．1689；群体的遗传一致度在0．9772-0．9811之间，遗传距离在0．0191-0．0232之间，说明群体间的相似程度较高，遗传距离较小：UPGMA聚类分析结果表明，库车、喀什、和田3个亚群可能是相对独立的孟德尔群体，但同时存在部分基因交流；各项研究指标都表明库车群体的遗传多样性都最高，它可能是野杏向栽培杏过渡的中间群体；南疆栽培杏群体拥有极为丰富的遗传多样性，为进一步的选择育种提供了更多的种质资源，为该地区杏群体生物多样性保护和利用提供理论依据。

英文摘要：

Population-wide genetic structure was studied using fluorescent-AFLP markers on 85 apricot （Prunus armeniaca L.） cultivars collected from Kuche, Kashi, Hetian in the Tarim Basin, southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic structure and genotypic diversity among the different eco-geographical populations. Based on the results from this study, 8 pairs of fluorescent-AFLP primers showed clear electrophoregram and high polymorphism amongst the 64 pairs of EcoR Ⅰ/Mse Ⅰ （Mse Ⅰ - a FAM fluorescent marked primer） primers screened. There was a significant polymorphic difference for the same primer pair in different populations and for the same population with different primer pairs. The percentage of polymorphic loci （P） at species level was higher than Kuche, Hetian, Kashi population levels, respectively. The Nei＇s gene diversity index （H） and Shannon＇s information index （I） at species level were higher than those of Kuche, Hetian, and Kashi at population level, respectively. H and I of Kuche population were the highest amongst the three populations. Apricot population genetic diversity was found mainly within the population, Genetic differentiation coefficient between populations （GST） was 0.0882. Gene flow Nm between the populations was 5.1689. Population genetic identity was between 0.9772-0.9811 and genetic distance was between 0.0191-0.0232. These results further indicated that the similarity between populations was higher and the genetic distance between populations was smaller. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicates that the geographical populations at Kuche, Kashi, Hetian were relatively independent Mendelian populations. Concurrently, there was also partial gene exchange between the populations. All the evidences indicated that the genetic diversity in Kuche population was the highest, suggesting that it could be a transition population from wild apricot to cultivated apricot. There were abundant genetic diversities i