中文摘要：

对秦岭山脉、泰沂山脉和燕山山脉3个生态区的中国野生板栗种下居群的叶片、果实形态和主要营养成分进行了调查研究。结果表明：（1）3个居群的叶片大小、叶柄长和粗以及果实形状、大小和颜色等性状的变异系数均在10％以上，表现出丰富的遗传多样性，其中以叶面积及单粒质量变异幅度和变异系数最大，而果形指数变异幅度和变异系数最小，3个居群的变异趋势基本一致。秦岭山脉野生板栗单果质量的变异幅度为1．69～3．89g，变异系数18．3％；坚果中边果的形状有近圆形、圆形、椭圆形、扁椭圆形、短椭圆形等；坚果表面颜色有淡红、棕褐、红褐、褐色等；果肉有浅黄色、乳黄色等；涩皮均易剥离，具有北方炒食板栗的典型特征；（2）3个居群118个野生株系果肉中水分、总糖、淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分和维生素C含量在单株间差异显著，变异系数6．2％-28．3％，其中以坚果蛋白质含量的变异幅度和变异系数最大，3个居群的变异趋势基本一致；（3）同一性状在不同居群间大都存在显著或极显著差异，其中单叶面积和单粒质量以秦岭山脉居群最小，分别为56．34cm。和2．95g，而维生素C含量最高（0．97mg·g^-1），分别是燕山山脉和泰沂山脉居群的2．29倍和2．22倍；（4）相关分析结果显示，单粒质量和单叶面积与降雨量和经度显著正相关，与海拔高度显著负相关，而维生素C含量与降雨量显著负相关，与海拔高度正相关，表明环境对板栗表型性状的遗传变异具有较大影响。因此，从野生板栗资源中进一步选择大果型、高蛋白质及高维生素C含量的优异种质的潜力很大。

英文摘要：

The diversity of leaf, petiole and nut in 3 wild intraspecific populations （the Qinling Mountains ecotype, the Taiyi Mountains ecotype, and the Yanshan Mountains ecotype） of Castanea mollissima Blume were investigated to provide the scientific basis for resource protection and .utilization. The results indi- cated： （1） There were significant difference among and within population. The morphological trait, such as leaf length, width, leaf shape index, length of petiole and nut shape, size, color, have great morphological diversity with variation coefficient （CV） of more than 10%. The range of nut weight varied from 1.69 to 3.89 g in Qinling population with CV 18.3%. The range and CV of leaf area and nut weight were the largest, and those of leaf shape index were the smallest; （2） The content, of main nutrition composition （ water, total sugar, starch, protein, fat, ash and vitamin C） in ripe nuts determined in obtained 118 seedlings at the Qinling Mountains, Taiyi Mountains and Yanshan Mountains was analyzed and presented considerable genetic variations with CV of 6.2% -28.3%, and the range and CV of the protein were the largest. There were the same trends in the 3 wild intraspecific populations; （3） There was significant difference between site conditions, with the smallest CV in leaf area and nut weight and the highest CV of vitamin C content; （4） Correlation analysis revealed that mean weight of a single nut with annual rainfall and the longitude of each ecotype, in contrast, they were negatively correlated with the altitude. Vitamin C contents in the nuts from different ecotype were negatively regulated with annul rainfall. These relationships indicated that environmental conditions had impact on genetic diversity in Chinese wild chestnut.