中文摘要：

空间数据索引技术可以有效地提高空间数据在存储、处理、分析以及地图可视化中的效率，其性能优劣直接影响GIS的整体性能。该文针对格网索引和四叉树索引存在的问题，提出将四叉树嵌入格网形成一种混合式空间索引结构，并分析其原理、数据结构与影响参数。理论分析及实验证明，对于空间集聚分布状态的海量地理数据而言，混合式索引方法以略高的存储代价换取了更高的检索、插入和删除效率，是一种有效的空间索引方案。

英文摘要：

Studies on spatial data distribution and index structure have found that neither grid nor quadtree index structure is efficient for managing the aggregated spatial data. In case of the grid index structure, either the majority of the data is located in very few grids or too detailed carving-up will lead to many grids, thus resulting in data redundancy. The only employment of quadtree index structure is also unsatisfactory since data concentration will lead to the quadtree depth increase, thus undermining index efficiency. Based on the advantages of the aforementioned two structures, a spatial hybrid index structure is proposed in this paper, which adopts the grid index structure for the larger scale and then complements it by inserting quadtree index structure into it per parameters requirement. After a preliminary analysis of its efficiency, details are given about how to construct such a hybrid index structure and to control its parameters. Within the experiment of this paper, the grid index structure adopts a coding strategy with redundant data, with linear top-down quadtree index structure inserted. The two main parameters of the hybrid index structure are the resolution and the quadtree threshold respectively, with the former determining the number of quadtrees and the latter meaning the threshold number of geographical objects in a quadrant, when the quadtree will stop carving up. Both the grid resolution and the quadtree threshold shall be set in line with the distributing feature of geographical spatial data. The hybrid index structure is applied to visualizing the spatial data of Nanjing City obtained from portable navigating devices. The research result shows that the hybrid index structure enjoys obvious efficiency superiority over singular ones. Then it is concludes with recommendations for further study on inner mechanism of the hybrid structure, so as to enhance its stability and spread its application.