中文摘要：

研究了重载列车缓冲器的特性,分析了弹性胶泥型缓冲器和摩擦胶泥型缓冲器的结构及工作原理,以HXD1型机车、13A型车钩以及2种类型缓冲器为基础,建立了4节编组机车万吨级牵引列车动力学模型,研究了2种缓冲器静态与动态阻抗特性对重载列车相关动力学性能的影响。仿真结果表明：重载列车在长大下坡道进行循环制动时,摩擦胶泥型缓冲器无穷大的静态阻抗特性有利于发挥缓冲作用,在受到900 kN静态压力的情况下,能够保持100%的缓冲器行程和容量,且能满足进一步缓冲1 000 kN动态压力的需要,此时缓冲器的行程不超过20 mm;在900 kN静态压力与400 kN动态压力的复合作用下,弹性胶泥型缓冲器行程就已经达到60 mm,难以满足缓冲更大冲击压力的需要;在动态阻抗特性方面,2种缓冲器均能满足万吨级重载列车的正常运行要求。

英文摘要：

The buffer characteristics of heavy haul train were studied,and the structures and working principles of elastic clay buffer and friction clay buffer were analyzed.On the basis of HXD1 type locomotive,13A type coupler and two buffers,a dynamics model of 104 t grade traction train with four marshalling locomotives was established,and the influences of the static and dynamic impedance characteristics of two buffers on the dynamics performances of heavy haul train were researched.Simulation result indicates that when heavy haul train conducts cycle braking on long downgrade,the infinite static impedance characteristic of friction clay buffer is beneficial to play buffer action,and the stroke and capacity of friction clay buffer can keep 100% under the static pressure of 900 kN.Friction clay buffer also can satisfy the demand of further dynamic pressure of 1 000 kN,while the buffer stroke is no more than 20 mm.Under the compound effect of static pressure of 900 kN and dynamic pressure of 400 kN,the stroke of elastic clay buffer has reached 60 mm,so elastic clay buffer can＇t satisfy the demand of more greater impact pressure.On the aspect of dynamic impendence characteristic,two buffers all can satisfy the normal running demand of 104 t grade heavy haul train.9 figs,16 refs.