中文摘要：

根据由车钩缓冲器和心盘组成的铁路货车纵向受力特点,利用Matlab软件建立铁路货车调车冲击的动力学模型,分别研究不同轴重车型、不同刚度阻尼、不同制动阻力状态及不同冲击模式对车辆纵向冲击特性的影响。结果表明,随着我国铁路货车轴重的增大,车钩连挂处、车体与转向架连接处承受的纵向惯性力也随之增大。阻抗特性呈凸型的缓冲器能吸收更多的车辆冲击能量,可适应更大的调车冲击需求。较小的车体底架结构刚度及车体与转向架连接刚度有利于缓和车辆的纵向冲动。被撞车的制动阻力作用会使车辆速度衰减的更快,但也将引起更大的车钩和心盘冲击。冲击模式对车钩和心盘处的冲击影响差异很大,三重冲三重模式下的车钩力最大,三重冲一空模式下的心盘力最大。

英文摘要：

According to longitudinal load characteristics of draft gear and center bowl assembly in the longitudinal direction,the vehicle shunting impact model are built by Matlab software to study different axle load wagons,different stiffness and damping,different braking resistance conditions and different impact patterns on longitudinal impulses.The results show as follows：With gross weight of China railway wagon improving,longitudinal inertia forces of draft gear and center bowl assembly both increase.The buffer with convex type of resistance characteristic can absorb more impact energy and meet more widely shunting operation,and the lower carbody structure stiffness and connection stiffness between carbody and bogie both contribute to reduce longitudinal impulses.Besides under the braking condition vehicle velocities attenuate more quickly,but under which higher coupler and center bowl forces appeared,too.Last but not least,coupler and center bowl forces vary significantly with different impact patterns,the maximum coupler force occurs in the shunting condition of 3 loaded cars to 3 loaded cars while the maximum center bowl force occurs in the shunting condition of 3 loaded cars to 1 empty car.