中文摘要：

模板法是一种制备粒径可控、形貌均一微球的有效途径。以球霰石形态存在的CaCO_3多孔微球具有生物相容、孔径均一,以及可在温和条件下分解等优点,适用于作为模板制备微球。本文在对CaCO_3模板进行简单介绍的基础上,从原料选取与应用角度综述了用CaCO_3模板法制备微球的研究进展。常用的装载CaCO3多孔微球的方法有物理吸附、共沉淀和渗透法等,所用原料有天然高分子（如多糖、蛋白质、DNA）和合成高分子（如聚苯乙烯磺酸钠、聚乙烯醇）。利用CaCO_3模版制备的微球具有多孔洞或空心结构,尺寸形貌均一可控,特别适用于制药、药物递送、生物传感器及化学分析等领域。预计随着纳米技术的发展和生物医药领域的需求将推动CaCO_3模板法的研究,以期通过该方法制备出应用领域更加广泛的微球。

英文摘要：

Templating technique is an effective and efficient method to fabricate polymer microspheres with controllable size and same morphology.As one of polymorphs of CaCO_3,vaterite is the ideal template particle for fabricating microspheres because of many advantages such as their biocompatibility,monodispersed pore size and mild decomposition conditions.In this review,based on introducing the CaCO_3 templates briefly,a recent progress in utilizing the CaCO_3 templates for fabricating microspheres is also addressed according to the selection of raw materials and the applications.Three main routes to load the CaCO_3 cores have been used,such as physisorption,infiltration and co-precipitation.The raw materials can be divided into natural polymer（such as polysaccharide,protein and DNA） and synthetic polymer（such as polystyrene sulfonate,polyvinyl alcohol）.The structures of microspheres fabricated by CaCO_3 templates are porous and hollow,and size controlling with uniform morphology.All the particles can be used in various areas included pharmaceutical,drug delivery,biosensors and chemical analysis.In the future,the researches of CaCO_3 templating technique will be greatly promoted by the development of nanotechnology and the requirement of biomedical field to prepare the new kinds of microspheres with extensive applications.