中文摘要：

蛋白质是一类功能丰富、结构独特的生物大分子，具有高度的自组装特性。氨基酸通过酰胺键形成序列确定的肽链，是蛋白质的基本构成单元。肽链通过弱相互作用控制肽链折叠以及蛋白质高级结构的形成。同时，蛋白质是一种来源丰富、生物可降解以及生物相容性可再生资源，利用蛋白质的自组装特性构建具有生物功能的可控自组装体系是纳米科学、材料科学以及生物医学等学科潜在的研究课题之一。本文从分子科学的角度解析了蛋白质三维结构的自组装特性，进一步探讨蛋白质热变性后自组装、金属诱导的蛋白质自组装、蛋白质与高分子的自组装以及蛋白质杂化体的自组装。旨在进一步认识和理解蛋白质的自组装特性，并为设计和构建结构可控及功能独特的自组装体系提供思路。

英文摘要：

Proteins possess versatile function and unique structure, and show the distinguished self-assembly feature. Polypeptide chains with the determined amino acid sequence are formed through amide bond and considered as the primary building blocks of protein. The weak intermolecular interactions of polypeptide chains control the folding of the polypeptide chains and high-level structure of protein. In addition, proteins are a class of renewable resources and show biodegradable and biocompatible. Using the self-assembly feature of protein is the potential strategy for fabricate the controlled self-assembly system with biofunctional in the field of nanoscience, materials and biomedical and so on. Hence, the present review describes the self-assembly feature of protein from the chemical point of view. The self-assembly of heat-denatured protein, metal-induced self- assembly of protein, self-assembly of protein with polymer and self-assembly of protein hybrids are further explored. The goal of this review is to further learn and understand the self-assembly feature of protein, and provide ideas for designing and fabricating the controlled structural self-assembly systems with unique function.