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不同水肥配合对马铃薯品质的影响

ISSN号：1007-4929
期刊名称：节水灌溉
时间：2014
页码：4-7
分类：S532[农业科学—作物学]
作者机构：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021, [2]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,银川750021, [3]宁夏农业勘查设计院,银川750021
相关基金：国家自然科学基金（51169020）;宁夏自然科学基金研究项目（NZ1157）;教育部“长江学者和创新团队发展计划”创新团队项目（IRT1067）.
相关项目：宁夏中部干旱区马铃薯滴灌水肥耦合效应与数值模拟研究

关键词：补灌定额, 补水时期, 马铃薯淀粉含量, 马铃薯, 水肥耦合, supplemental irrigation quota, replenishment period, starch content of potato, potato, coupling of drip-irrigation and fertilizer

中文摘要：

通过马铃薯盆栽膜下滴灌试验，研究了补水时期、补灌定额、与施氮、磷、钾肥的交互耦合作用对马铃薯品质的影响。着重研究其对马铃薯淀粉含量的影响特性，试验结果表明：在整个生育期内，氮肥、磷肥对马铃薯含量的影响基本呈先增大后减小，说明过多的氮肥、磷肥会对马铃薯淀粉含量产生负效应。单因子显著性按系数大小排显著性大小为X4〉X3〉X5，二次项X1、X2、X3系数为负，说明补水时期、补灌定额、施磷量对品质产生负效应。由交互作用可得，不恰当的补水时期和补灌量会对马铃薯淀粉含量产生负效应，而且补水时期，氮、磷、钾肥对马铃薯淀粉呈现交互影响态势。发现建立良好的水肥耦合比例不仅可以提高农业水资源利用率，而且可以更好地提高马铃薯品质。在以马铃薯淀粉含量为目标函数时，最高淀粉含量时的最佳合理配合为：苗期、现蕾期、初花期、盛花期灌水量均为灌溉定额的25％；补灌定额为856．20m^3／hm^2；施氮量、施磷量、施钾量分别为236．55、183．75、75kg／hm^2。

英文摘要：

Through pot-planting potato drip irrigation under mulch experiment, the effects of replenishment period, supplementary ir- rigation quota, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potash interaction coupling on potato quality are studied. The emphasis is on their im pacts on the starch content of potato. The results show that in the whole growth period, nitrogen, phosphate, the starch content of the potato basically first increases and then decreases, indicating that excessive nitrogen and phosphorus have negative effects on the starch content of potato. The significant of single facto is arranged as X4 〉 X3〉 X5, by the size of coefficient. The coefficient of quadratic term X1 ,X2, ）（3 （irrigation） is negative, indicating that in replenishment period, supplementary irrigation quota and the a- mount of phosphorus have negative effects on the quality of potato. It can be obtained by the interaction that improper replenishment period and the amount of supplementary irrigation will have negative effect on the starch content of potato, and in the replenishment period, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium present interaction situation on the starch content. It is also found that establishing a good fertilizer coupling ratio can not only improve agricultural water use efficiency but also can better improve potato quality. When taking the starch content of potato as the objective function, the best reasonable configuration for the highest starch content of potato are that all the irrigation amounts in seedling stage, squaring stage, early flowering stage, and flowering stage are 25% of the irriga tion quota; the supplemental irrigation quota is 856. 20 ma/hm2 ; the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are 236.55, 183.75,75 kg/hmz, respectively.

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