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中文摘要：
采用静平衡凝固技术制备了Cu含量为90wt%、不同Ni/Si原子比的Cu-Ni-Si合金,采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱分析（EDS）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对合金的显微组织和相组成进行了分析,利用差热分析（DSC）考察了合金熔体在冷却过程中的相转变行为。研究结果表明,Ni/Si原子比对Cu-Ni-Si合金显微组织的影响可归因为α-Cu晶粒内部析出的δ-Ni2Si相数量的变化和晶界相在Cu-Si和Ni-Si化合物之间的选择。δ-Ni_2Si相数量的变化与初生α-Cu内部Ni、Si原子的浓度密切相关,而晶界相的相选择则是Cu-Si和Ni-Si金属间化合物相之间竞争的结果。随着Ni/Si原子比的增加,残余液相中Ni原子浓度增加增高,具有更负形成焓Ni-Si金属间化合物逐渐从竞争中胜出,导致晶界相从Cu-Si化合物向Ni-Si化合物的转变。
英文摘要：
Cu-Ni-Si alloys with 90wt% Cu and 10wt% （Ni＋Si） of different Ni/Si atomic ratios were prepared under a near-equilibrium solidification condition. The microstructures were observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The phase composition was identified by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The phase transformations during the solidification process were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） under an Ar atmosphere. Results show that the effects of Ni/Si atomic ratios on the microstructures of Cu-Ni-Si alloys can be mainly ascribed to the variation of the amount of δ-Ni2Si phase formed in the inner of a-Cu grains and the selection of grain boundary phase between Cu-Si and Ni-Si phases. The former is controlled by the Ni and Si concentrations in the primary a-Cu grains and the latter is a result of the competition between Cu-Si and Ni-Si intermetallics. With the increase of Ni/Si atomic ratio, Ni-Si intermetaUics gradually win from the competition due to its lower heat of formation and the increase of Ni content in the inter-granular residual liquid. As a result, grain boundary phase changes from CusSi phase to Ni3Si phase gradually.
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