中文摘要：

目的通过分析医疗资源配置现状，为合理配置医疗资源提供决策依据。方法借鉴洛伦兹（Lorenz）曲线和基尼（Gini）系数方法，从卫生服务总人口配置和卫生服务地域面积配置两个角度，以执业医师、注册护士、卫生机构和医疗床位等医疗资源为研究对象，比较我国4个直辖市（京、津、沪、渝）的医疗资源配置情况。结果按卫生服务总人口配置绘制Lorenz曲线，Gini系数显示四直辖市卫生机构、执业医师、注册护士配置相对平均，医疗床位配置高度平均；按卫生服务地域面积配置绘制Lorenz曲线，Gini系数显示四直辖市卫生机构配置相对平均，执业医师、注册护士、医疗床位配置差距较大。结论我国四直辖市医疗资源配置呈现“重人口密度、轻地理配置”的状况。按卫生服务地域面积配置医疗资源的公平性较低，影响医疗资源的可及性。

英文摘要：

Objective To offer decision support for reasonable allocation of medical resources by analysis of the present resources allocated. Methods Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient method were called into play. This paper studied such medical resources as the practicing doctors, registered nurses, medical institutions and hospital beds, from both the population distribution and geographical distribution aspects. The purpose is to compare the allocation in these municipalities （Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing）. Results If the Lorenz curve is drawn based on the total population served with such resources, the Gini coefficients indicate relatively balanced allocation of medical institutions, practicing physicians, and registered nurses in the municipalities, and highly balanced allocation of hospital beds. If the curve is drawn based on geographical distribution, the Gini Coefficient indicates relatively balanced allocation of medical institutions allocation in these municipalities, yet considerable difference in the allocation of practicing physicians, registered nurses, and hospital beds. Conclusion The study shows that medical resources allocation in China in these municipalities mirrors the condition of ＂Priority to population density, and neglect of geographical distribution＂. It also reveals poor equity in the geographical distribution of medical resources, which plagues accessibility of medical resources.