汉语是缺乏形态的语言,但是在青海省民和回族土族自治县甘沟乡汉语方言中,有一个表示反身领属范畴的附着形式[nag]“囊”,用在被领有名词之后,意思是“自己的NP”。“囊”可以与格标记同现,构成“NP-格标记-囊”或“NP-囊-格标记”。除了综合型的“NP囊”之外,甘沟话还有分析型的“各人+之+NP”,以及混合型的“各人+之+NP囊”。类似用法不见于其他汉语方言,但是在阿尔泰语言中比较常见,尤其与土族语的nag在系统格局、结构分布、标记形式等多方面表现出高度的一致。甘沟话的“囊”显然是语言接触带来的,但不是“借用”的结果,而是因为“语言转用导致的干扰”。
The present study examines the uses of the possessive-reflexive marker in Gangou(甘沟) Chinese dialect in Minhe(民和) Hui(回) and Monguor County, Qinghai(青海) province. Although Chinese is a kind of language lacking of morphological change, there exists a reflexive-possessive suffix or enelitie -nag(囊) which is attached hebind NP and means 'one's own NP' in Gangou(甘沟) Chinese dialect. -nag(囊) can coexist with ease marker and form into 'NP-case marker-nap' or 'NP-nag(囊)-case marker'. The similar usage is quite popular in Altaie languages. The existence of nag (囊)in Gangou(甘沟) dialect is not a result of borrowing but a case of shift-induced interference in language contact.