研究了ZnO薄膜中应力对发光的影响.实验样品为ZnO体单晶、在si基片上直接生长的ZnO薄膜以及通过SiC过渡层在Si基片上生长的ZnO薄膜+测量了这三种样品的X射线衍射图形、喇曼光谱和光致发光光谱.由X射线衍射图形可以看出,由于SiC过渡层缓解了ZnO与Si之间的晶格失配,使得通过SiC过渡层在Si上生长的ZnO薄膜的结晶质量好于直接在Si上生长的ZnO薄膜的质量.进一步通过喇曼谱测量发现,与ZnO体单晶相比,直接在Si上生长的ZnO薄膜的E2(high)峰红移1.9cm^-1,根据喇曼谱峰位移与应力的关系可以推出薄膜中存在0.4GPa的张应力;而通过SiC过渡层在Si上生长的ZnO薄膜的E2(high)峰红移0+9cm^-1,对应着0+2GPa的张应力.对照X射线衍射图形的结果可以看出,薄膜中张应力的大小与薄膜的结晶质量密切相关,表明张应力来源于外延层和基片间的晶格失配,晶格失配越大,外延层中产生的张应力越大.有无SiC过渡层的两种薄膜样品的PL光谱中都存在紫外和绿光两种谱带,随样品热处理时氧气分压增加,两种样品都出现绿光增强的相似的变化规律,但有SiC过渡层的样品的变化幅度较小.这一结果说明,绿色发光中心与薄膜的质量,也就是与薄膜中存在的张应力大小有关.在以往研究中得出的非故意掺杂ZnO薄膜的绿色发光中心来源于氧反位缺陷(OZn),文中研究的结果正好可以解释氧反位缺陷形成的原因.由于薄膜中存在张应力,使得样品的能量升高,其结果必然会产生缺陷来释放张应力,以便降低系统能量.而氧离子半径大于锌离子半径,氧替位锌有利于释放张应力,也就是说,在存在张应力的情况下,OZn的形成能降低.这一结果进一步证明Si上生长的ZnO薄膜中的绿色发光中心与氧反位缺陷有关.
The photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra of undoped ZnO films deposited directly on Si substrate (sample A),on Si substrate through a SiC buffer layer (sample B),and on a ZnO crystal wafer (sample C) are investigated. There are emission peaks centered at 3.18eV (ultraviolet,UV) and 2.38eV (green) in these sampies. Comparing the Raman spectra and the variation of the PL peak intensities with annealing atmosphere, we conclude that the luminescence of the samples is related to the tensile strain in the ZnO film due to the lattice mismatch between the film and the substrate. In particular, the tensile strain reduces the formation energy of OZn antisite oxygen defects,which generate the green emission center. After annealing in oxygen-rich atmosphere, many OZn defects are generated. Thus, the intensity of green emission in ZnO/Si hetero-structure materials increases due to tensile strain in ZnO films.