度量收入差距最常用的统计指标是基尼系数,但是由于基尼系数在按群组分解时的问题使得应用中受到许多限制,因此本文把相对剥夺理论引入基尼系数的子群分解中,得到了一个新的基尼系数子群分解公式,分解公式使群内差距和群间差距具有相同的形式,而且不仅能够计算高收入子群对低收入子群的相对剥夺,还能计算低收入子群对高收入子群的相对剥夺。并利用天津市2008年城镇居民住户调查数据进行了实证分析。
The most commonly used statistic of measuring income inequality is Gini Coefficient, but sometimes in academic research, Gini Index's usage is bound according its existing problem of subgroup decomposition. The paper introduces the relative deprivation theory into the subgroup decomposition of Gini index, which concludes a new subgroup decomposition formula of Gini index. The characters of the formula are: @the style of the subgroup inequality and between-groups inequal- ity is the same; @the weights of the subgroup inequality and between-groups ine- quality sum up to 1; (~)there is no residual; @the relative deprivation between subgroups is between 0 and 1 and is the normality; @it does not only to calculate the relative decomposition of the higher income subgroup to the lower income sub- group, but also calculate the ones of the lower income subgroup to the higher in- come subgroup. In order to test the effectiveness of this method, we use the 2008 urban household survey data of Tianjin to do the empirical analysis.