中文摘要：

【目的】在砂田注水补灌基础上，探讨钾、硼、锌肥不同配施处理对西瓜生长发育及养分吸收利用的影响。【方法】以西瓜‘陇抗九号’为试材，采用随机区组施肥方法，测定不同处理的西瓜光合特性、产量、品质和氮、磷、钾吸收及积累量。【结果】与对照氮磷肥处理相比，所有施钾处理均可显著提高西瓜光合参数、产量、品质指标及养分的积累利用率。施硼有利于西瓜维生素C含量的提高和氮的吸收积累，NPKB处理的西瓜果实维生素C含量和氮素总积累量较NPK分别提高了9．94％和16．87％；施锌则有利于西瓜果实含糖量的提高和钾素的吸收，NPKZn处理的西瓜果实边糖含量和钾素吸收量较NPK分别提高了6．52％和12．96％，且果实糖分梯度显著降低，糖酸比增加。钾、硼、锌3者配施除具有以上单因素效应外，西瓜产量、磷素总积累量较NPK处理分别提高了10．27％和22．59％，而钾素总积累量及利用率则显著高于钾肥单施或钾硼、钾锌两者配施。【结论】钾、硼、锌肥同时配施对促进西瓜生长，提高产量、品质及养分的吸收利用效果最为显著。

英文摘要：

[Objective]The gravel-mulched land has a porous layer of gravel and sand about 6-15 cm thick that lies on the soil surface and can reduce the risk of crop failure. It is a unique and traditional water-saving technique that has been used for centuries in the loess regions of northwestern China. The low rainfall of about 120 mm during the growth period of watermelon and the sand layer on the soil surface in this regions increase difficulty in fertilizer uptake. Besides, the traditional fertilization in this region involves chiefly application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers while potassium and trace elements are neglected. Therefore, drought stress, low fertilizer efficiency and imbalanced fertilization are the limiting factors in gravel-mulched fields. This study examined the effects of potassium, boron and zinc fertilizers on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, quality and nutrient uptake in watermelon grown in a gravelmulched field under the same nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization and microjet irrigation. [Methods]The study was carried out in Gaolan, Gansu Province, China, where watermelon cultivation in gravel-mulched fields has a long history. The mean annual precipitation in the region was only 260 mm, and the availability of potassium, born and zinc in the soil were 94.56 mg. kg^-1, 0.52 mg. kg^-1 and 0.78 mg. kg^-1, respectively. A late mature watermelon cultivar ＇Longkang 9＇ was used as material and given 5 fertilization treatments （NP, NPK, NPKB, NPKZn, and NPKBZn）. The treatments were arranged in a randomized manner with three replicates, and the area of test plots was 32 m2. The amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied were 200 kg. hm-2, 170 kg. hm-2 and 200 kg. hm-2, respectively. The volume of irrigation was 105 m^. hm-2 and conducted at vine stage and fruiting stage. At vine stage, irrigation volume was 45 m3. hm-2 plus 50% and 40% of N and K, respectively. At fruiting stage, irrigation amount was 60 m3. hm-2 with 20% of N and 60% of K, and B and Zn were applied twice