中文摘要：

【目的】对花椰菜温敏雄性不育系的花器形态、花药败育时期和败育分子机理进行研究,明确其不育特性发生的细胞学和分子机理,为进一步研究其雄性不育奠定理论基础。【方法】以花椰菜温敏雄性不育系GS-19为试验材料,不同温度（15℃和20℃）处理,采用形态学、细胞学方法及高通量测序技术（Illumina Hi Seq 2500）,研究其形态特征、花药败育的细胞学及分子机理。【结果】花椰菜温敏雄性不育系GS-19的育性转换受温度控制,高温（20℃）不育,低温（15℃）育性恢复。GS-19不育株与可育株花器差异显著,不育株花器显著小于可育株。花药细胞学观察发现GS-19的花药发育过程有花粉母细胞的分化,形成正常花粉囊,不产生花粉粒或者产生微量的无生活力的花粉粒,花药发育受阻于花粉母细胞到四分体时期,形成了花粉粒外壁发育异常的拟＂四分体孢子＂,逐渐降解,剩下花粉空壳,属于花粉母细胞败育类型。GS-19不育株和可育株花蕾转录组分析共获得67 930个Unigene,其中Nt数据库比对到相似序列数最多（52 191个）,Nr数据库比对到相似序列次之（46 447个）,KOG数据库比对相似序列最少（13 198个）;GO注释到25 336个Unigene;KOG注释到13 198个Unigene;KEGG注释到14 778个Unigene。基因差异表达分析发现GS-19不育株花蕾和可育株花蕾中有2 170个基因差异表达,1 078个基因上调表达和1 092个基因下调表达。【结论】花椰菜温敏雄性不育系GS-19为高温不育类型,不育株花器显著小于可育株,花丝显著缩短,花药萎缩、干瘪,花药发育受阻于花粉母细胞到四分体时期,属于花粉母细胞败育类型。转录组测序获得了67 930个Unigene,差异表达基因2 170个。

英文摘要：

【Objective】 In order to clarify the mechanism of cellular and molecular sterility characteristics, the flower morphology, anther abortion period and molecular mechanism of the thermos-sensitive male sterile line of cauliflower were studied, thus laying a theoretical foundation for further study of the male sterility. 【Method】 The thermo-sensitive male sterile line GS-19 was used as the experimental material, using morphological, cytological and high-throughput sequencing techniques, the morphological, cytological and molecular mechanism were studied with treatment at different temperatures（15℃ and 20℃）. 【Result】 The fertility conversion of the thermo-sensitive male sterile line GS-19 was controlled by temperature, sterility at high temperature（20℃）, and fertility at low temperature（15℃）. The flower difference between sterile and fertile plants reached a significant level in GS-19, the flower was significantly smaller than that of fertile plants. The anthers abortive stages and manners were different between sterile and fertile plants of GS-19 by the microstructure observation. The anther development of GS-19 had differentiation of pollen mother cell, formed normal pollen sac, did not produce pollen grains or produce trace of pollen grains without viability, the development of anthers was blocked from pollen mother cell to the tetrad stage. The pollen mother cells could not pass the meiosis, with no dyads and tetrads formed in GS-19, insteading of some ＂pseudo microspores＂, belong to an abortive type of pollen mother cell. The pollen exines of the ＂pseudo microspores＂ were abnormal. The ＂pseudo microspores＂ were decayed gradually and only empty shells remained at last. A total of 67 930 unigenes were generated in GS-19 alabastrum by sequence, Nt database compared to the largest number of similar sequences, for the 52 191, Nr database to similar sequence of times（46 447）, KOG database than similar sequence of the least（13 198）. By GO database the 25 336 unigenes w