中文摘要：

本试验以花椰菜细胞质雄性不育系09-R9、保持系09-24和温敏细胞核雄性不育系GS-19为试验材料,采用形态学和细胞学方法研究2种雄性不育系的形态特征和花药发育的细胞学特点。结果表明,2种雄性不育系在育性转换、花器形态特征及花药发育的细胞学特征都存在着差异。不同温度处理的09-R9、09-24和GS-19之间的育性转换存在差异。09-R9和09-24的育性不受温度影响,09-R9表现为不育,09-24完全可育;GS-19的育性受温度影响,高温（20℃）不育,低温（15℃）育性恢复。GS-19和09-R9花蕾和花药大小差异显著,GS-19花蕾和花药显著小于09-R9;不育株与其可育株花的差异达到显著水平,不育株花显著小于可育株。显微结构观察发现2种雄性不育系之间的花药败育时期和方式不同,09-R9花药早期可以形成外形正常的花粉囊,但囊内物质随着花蕾的发育逐渐解体,最终这种不正常的花粉囊全部解体消失,花药发育受阻于花粉母细胞形成之前,属于无花粉囊败育类型。GS-19的花药发育过程有花粉母细胞的分化,能形成正常花粉囊,不产生花粉粒或者产生微量的无生活力的花粉粒,花药发育受阻于花粉母细胞到四分体时期,属于花粉母细胞败育类型。超微结构观察发现,不育系09-R9和高温条件下不育系GS-19花药败育相似,发生在花粉母细胞减数分裂时期,没有四分体的形成,形成了花粉粒外壁发育异常的＂拟小孢子＂,最后＂拟小孢子＂逐渐降解,只剩下花粉空壳。说明2种雄性不育系的败育方式有差异,但是败育时期一致,花药发育均受阻于四分体形成之前。

英文摘要：

The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological characteristics and cytological characteristics of anther development in two male sterile lines of cauliflower（Brassica oleracea var.botrytis）.The cauliflower cytoplasmic male sterile line 09-R9,the maintainer line 09-24,and the temperature-sensitive genetic male sterile line GS-19 were used as the test materials,and morphological and cytological techniques were used to study anther development.There were differences between the two male sterile lines in fertility transition,flower morphology,and anther development.The three lines showed variations in fertility under different temperature treatments.The sterility of 09-R9 and 09-24 was not affected by temperature;09-R9 was always sterile,and09-24 was completely fertile.GS-19 was affected by temperature,and was sterile at high temperature（20 ℃）but fertile at a lower temperature（15 ℃）.The buds and anthers were smaller in GS-19 than in 09-R9.Sterile plants differed from fertile plants,and there were significantly fewer flowers on sterile plants than on fertile plants.Microstructural observations showed that the anthers abortive stages and types differed between the two male sterile lines.09-R9 formed a normal-shaped pollen sac at the early anther stage,but the materials within pollen sacs gradually disintegrated as buds developed,and the pollen sacs finally disappeared.The development of anthers was blocked before the formation of the pollen mother cell,so this line showed an abortive-type sterility without pollen sacs.The anther development of GS-19 showed differentiation of the pollen mother cell and normal pollen sac formation,but this line produced very small amounts of non-viable pollen and no viable pollen.In this line,the pollen mother cells did not undergo meiosis to form tetrads,but formed pseudo microspores with abnormal pollen exines.As the anthers developed,the pseudo microspores gradually decayed until only the empty shells remained.The anther development of GS-19 was blocked between